Mphesa zimakhala ndi matenda ambiri opatsirana komanso omwe sali opatsirana, ndipo nthawi zambiri amamenyedwa ndi tizirombo. M'nkhani ino tidzakudziwitsani za tizilombo tomwe timapanga mphesa, komanso zazing'ono zomwe zingathe kuthana nazo.
Kangaude mite
Kuwonjezera pa mphesa, kangaude umatulutsa mitundu 200 ya zomera zosiyanasiyana. Amadyetsa madzi a masamba a mphesa, nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi pa tsamba ndikukhala mmenemo mpaka atawononga zakudya zonse. Ndiye mitezi imapita ku tsamba lina la mphesa, ndi zina zotero. Masamba, otetezedwa ndi tizilombo, atembenukira chikasu kapena atembenuka, kenako amatembenuza bulauni ndi kutha. Mphukira yachangu ya nthambi yovulala imakula kwambiri ndikukula pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi nthawi zonse. Nkhupakupa imakhudzanso mphesa zokha: zimakhala zowonjezereka, shuga zimachepa.
Dzina la tizilomboti tinachokera chifukwa cha "chizoloŵezi" chake chokongoletsa malo ake okhala ndi zibwebwe. Malingana ndi chikhalidwe ichi, malo ake angathe kudziwika mosavuta kuti atenge zofunikira pa nthawi. Kuteteza mphesa ku tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo timagwiritsa ntchito (Kukonzekera Sanmayt, Neoron, Aktelik, Omayt ndi ena), komanso tizilombo toyambitsa sulfure.
Mpesa
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, omwe amatchedwa "phytoptus", amakhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa, nthawi zambiri kawirikawiri. Pamwamba pambali ya tsamba la mphesa, lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi kuyabwa, pali ma tubercles, ndi pansipa - zofanana ndizozikhala ndi tsitsi. Chotsatira cha "ntchito" ya kuyabwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa photosynthesis ya tsamba, ndipo patapita nthawi masamba amawombera ndi kugwa. Komabe, pamagulu a mphesa zuden sichimasokoneza.
Kukonzekera kwa mphesa kuchokera ku tizirombo ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mphesa kumapangidwa bwino kumapeto kwa mwezi wa May, kuphatikizapo ndondomeko zowononga tsamba la masamba, zomwe zidzakambidwa pansipa. Kuti muteteze kwambiri mphesa kuchokera ku tizirombo timene timadya masamba, tigwiritseni ntchito insectoacaricides.
Philloxera
Phylloxera ndi tizilombo toopsa kwambiri kwa mphesa. Ndi mitundu ya nsabwe za m'masamba - tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timadya madzi a maluwa, ndipo timangokhala pa mphesa zokha. Pali mitundu iwiri ya phylloxera - gallic (leafy) ndi mizu.
Mitundu yoyamba imakhala masamba okhaokha, pansi pa tsamba la mphesa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mabulosi otsekemera amawonekera, otchedwa galls, kumene phylloxera ikukhalamo. Ngati simukulimbana nawo, matendawa amatha kuchoka ku masamba kupita ku antenna, cuttings ndi zimayambira za mphesa.
Muzu phylloxera umakhudza, motero, mizu ya zomera. Ndi mphuno yake yakuthwa, mphutsi yake imathyola minofu ya tsinde kapena mizu ndikuphwanya zakudya zonse (chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni) otembenuzidwa ndi michere ya matumbo ake mosasinthasintha kuti asinthidwe.
Kupopera mphesa kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi imodzi mwa njira zothana ndi phylloxera. Kuwonjezera apo, kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo todabwitsa (Confidor, Aktelik, etc.), kulima nthaka ndi fumigants, ndi kulima nthaka yobala mphesa yosagwirizana ndi phylloxera (dongo, silty, solonetsous kapena mchenga) ndi njira zowonjezereka. Ndipo njira yothandiza kwambiri ndi quarantine - imadula foci yonse ya matenda mu malo oyandikana nawo.
Mapepala Amapepala
Mosiyana ndi kafadala - tizirombo ta mphesa, mapepala - timeneti sizowononga. Amawononga mphesa, zomwe zimayambira kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimayambitsa zowola. M'mawonekedwe athu, timapepala timatatu:
- Grozdevaya - butterfly wofiira kapena wofiira, womwe umakhudza makamaka zipatso ndi mazira a mphesa;
- wazaka ziwiri - kachirombo kakang'ono kofiira, kamene kamayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa inflorescences ndi ovary aang'ono a mphesa;
- mphesa - sing'anga yaying'anga yaying'ono, kudya masamba ang'onoang'ono a mphesa mumasika.