Smear kuchokera kumaliseche imatanthawuza njira zowonongeka za amayi. Kafukufukuyu akuthandizira kukhazikitsa mapangidwe a microflora a ziwalo zoberekera azimayi, kuti adziwe omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa azimayi azidwala. Tiyeni tione ndondomekoyi mwatsatanetsatane, tidzatchula zolinga ndi zochitika zake, zizindikiro za chizoloŵezi.
Kodi swab kuchokera kumaliseche amasonyeza chiyani?
Akazi, amene amapititsidwa ku phunziroli kwa nthawi yoyamba, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chidwi ndi funso la zomwe amayi amadzimadzi amasonyeza komanso zomwe zikuchitika. Kafukufuku wamakono, kafukufuku wa ma laboratory amasonyeza zomwe zili mu microflora mu urethra (urethra), chiberekero ndi chiberekero. Nthawi yomweyo ziwalo izi za mthupi la umuna zimagwidwa ndi zotsatira za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Malingana ndi zotsatira za phunzirolo, dokotala akhoza kuweruza momwe chiwerengero cha zoberekera zimakhalira, kudziwa mavuto omwe alipo pakadali koyambirira, pamene sakuwonekera kuchipatala. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimayesedwa:
- chiwerengero cha leukocyte;
- chiwerengero cha maselo a epithelial;
- kukhalapo kwa lactobacilli;
- Kukhalapo kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (Trichomonas, gonococci, bowa).
Smear pa zomera - kukonzekera bwanji?
Kuti mazira a amayi aziwonetsetsa cholinga cha chiberekero, ndikofunika kutsatira malamulo ena:
- Kupewa kugonana kwa masiku atatu musanachitike.
- Musagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala achipatala - kirimu, zamaliseche zamkati.
- Ngati mayi amatha kusinthana - masiku 1-2 asanayambe kusuta.
- Maola 2-3 musanaphunzire, mkodzo umaletsedwa.
- Ndondomekozi ziyenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga pakangotha kutuluka kwa mwezi - pa tsiku lachinayi lachisanu ndi chitatu.
Kodi amatenga bwanji swabu kuchokera kumaliseche?
Chifuwa cha microflora cha chiberekero chimatengedwa ndi mayi wazimayi. Mayiyo ali mu mpando wa amayi. Dokotala mosamala amayika galasi kuti athe kupeza maboma a abambo. Zinthu zakuthupi zimatengedwa ndi zotayika, zopanda pake spatula. Ndondomeko yokhayo ndi yopweteka. Msungwana wamng'ono amamvetsa chisoni pokhapokha panthawi yomwe adasankha.
Chotsatiracho chimachokera kumaliseche chimasamutsidwa. Chitsanzocho chimaperekedwa ku labotore. Katswiri wodziŵa labu amatha kupanga michesiyake ya smears, kuwerengera chiwerengero cha mitundu yonse ya maselo, kulembera mfundozo pomaliza. Zotsatira za ndondomeko zimalandira ndi mkazi tsiku lomwelo kapena masiku angapo. Izi zimadalira pa ntchito ya laboratori, chiwerengero cha zitsanzo zotengedwa kuchokera kuzinthu.
Zachibadwa zowonongeka - zolembedwa
Matenda a m'magulu pazomera, zomwe zimawerengedwa ndi dokotala, zimathandiza kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pomalizira, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito zilembo zina za zilembo za Chilatini:
- V - umaliseche. Manambala pafupi ndi kalatayi amasonyeza zomwe zili mu gawo ili la dongosolo la kubereka;
- C (chiberekero) ndi chiberekero cha chiberekero. Zizindikiro zimasonyeza kusintha kwakukulu kwa kupanga tizilombo m'derali;
- U (urethra) ndi urethra.
Azimayi abwino, maselo oyera a lactobacilli ndi amodzi okhawo amapezeka mu smear. Kokkovaya zomera, erythrocytes, ambiri a leukocyte amasonyeza kutentha kwa njira yoberekera. Choncho, ngati trichomonads amapezeka, madokotala amadziwa kuti "trichomoniasis", kukhalapo kwa gonococci ndi chizindikiro cha matenda monga gonorrhea. Zotsatira zoterezi ndizomwe zikuwonetseratu.
Matenda a m'mimba - kawirikawiri
Kuyezetsa zowonongeka kuchokera mukazi, zomwe zimakhala zofanana kwa amayi onse, madokotala amatsatira zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
1. Leukocytes. Chizoloŵezi cha leukocyte m'magazi achikazi ndi awa:
- mu chikazi - mpaka maselo 10 m'munda wa maonekedwe;
- khosi - 0-30;
- urethra - mpaka maunite asanu mu malo owonera microscope.
2. Maselo a Epithelial - mu zotsatira mu malo onse omwe amawalemba "moyenera". Powonjezera phindu la kulankhula za kutupa, kusowa kwina kungasonyeze kuchepa kwa estrogens.
3. Mucusi:
- chiberekero ndi chiberekero - moyenera;
- chiwerewere - palibe kapena mwachangu;
4. Ndodo za Gram-positive (gr. +):
- chiwerewere - chiwerengero chachikulu;
- chiberekero - palibe;
- urethra - palibe.
5. Ndodo za Gram-negative (gr.-) - zilibe kulikonse. Kukhalapo kumasonyeza ubongo wa dysbacteriosis, njira yotupa.
Leukocytes m'maganizo a amayi
Mankhwala a lekocyte m'mimba ya m'mimba amapezeka pamodzi. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha maselowa kumaphatikizapo ndondomeko yotupa. Kuti mudziwe bwinobwino, njira zowonjezereka zowonetsera zimayendetsedwa: ultrasound ya mapepala ang'onoang'ono, kuyesera magazi ndi mkodzo, magazi kwa mahomoni. Pakati pa matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti leukocyte iwonjezeke, m'pofunika kusiyanitsa:
- colpitis - umaliseche mucosa wakhuta;
- cervicitis - kutupa kwachiberekero;
- urethritis - njira yotupa mu urinary system;
- adnexitis - kutupa kwa mapulogalamu;
- endometritis - matenda opweteka m'mimba.
Kodi "maselo ofunika" ali ndi chiani?
Kuphunzira za matenda a chikazi kumaphatikizapo kuwerengera maselo ofunika. Liwu limeneli limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makompyuta a chipinda cha epithelium. Pamwamba pawo nthawi zambiri amapezeka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kaŵirikaŵiri izi ndizitsamba zazing'ono - minda yamaluwa. Amatchula kuti conditionally-pathogenic - ndi ndondomeko yazing'ono sizimayambitsa matenda. Komabe, maonekedwe awo mu smear ndi chizindikiro kwa madokotala kuti apitirize kufufuza. Mwachidziwitso chikhalidwe ichi chimakhazikitsidwa kwa dysbacteriosis - kuphwanya kwa chiŵerengero cha tizilombo tobvuta kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mawonekedwe a matenda opatsirana pogonana
Mankhwala osakanikirana ndi mazira pazomera, othandizira ma laboratory ndi chiwerengero cha ndodo. Maziko a kuchuluka kwa makompyutawa m'magulu amenewa ndi lactobacilli - timitengo ta Dodderlein. Zili zothandiza, pangani ma microflora achibadwa. Kuchepetsa pa chiwerengero chawo chikusonyeza dysbacteriosis yomwe imafuna mankhwala.
Mgwirizano wa ukhondo wa matenda opatsirana pogonana
Pambuyo poyambira pazomera kuchokera kukazi, madokotala kumapeto amasonyeza kukula kwa umaliseche. Mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauzira chiŵerengero cha maonekedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa ma microflora. Kawirikawiri, phunziro ili limatchulidwa ngati smear pa mlingo wa chiyero cha umaliseche. Pali madigiri 4:
- 1 digiri - lactobacilli mu smear amapanga ambiri a tizilombo tonse, maselo a epithelial pamodzi ndi leukocyte salipo, njira iyi ndi yachizolowezi;
- 2 digiri - m'munda wa masomphenya amatha kudziwa mabakiteriya amodzi omwe ali ndi kachilombo (odwala opatsirana);
- 3 digitala - chotupa chotengedwa kuchokera mukazi, chili ndi mabakiteriya ambirimbiri, pali zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana pogonana (kutaya magazi ndi kusintha kwake, kuvomereza, kuwotcha);
- 4 digiri - tizilombo tizilombo timatulutsa kwathunthu mapulogalamu a lactobacilli, pali leucocytes mu ndende yayikulu, chitsanzo ichi chimakhala chosanyalanyazidwa ndi matenda achikazi.