Kukumverera mantha ndikochibadwa ndipo ndi mbali yofunikira ya psyche ya munthu. Kuopa komwe kunayambika chifukwa cha ngozi, kunathawa ndikupulumutsa moyo. Nthawi zina zimachokera kumalo, "kumamatira" kwa munthu, kumakula nthawi ngati snowball, kudzigonjetsa yekha. Kuopa anthu ndi mantha amodzi, kufooketsa chifuniro.
Kodi dzina la mantha a anthu ndi ndani?
Mantha ali ndi dzina la sayansi - chiwonetsero chodziwika bwino, chochokera ku mawu awiri achi Greek akale: ἄνθρωπος - munthu, φόβος - mantha. Kuopa anthu - mtundu wa phobia wokhudzana ndi mitsempha, mu International Directory of Classification of Diseases, watchulidwa pansi pa chilembo F 40 - Phobic anxiety disorders. G. Sullivan, yemwe ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo a ku America, adakhulupirira kuti, kuti amvetse chifukwa chomwe chinayambitsa vutoli, ndikofunikira "kutambasula" chiyanjano cha munthu yemwe ali ndi mantha ndi anthu ena omwe ali pafupi.
Zifukwa zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu azikonda zachilengedwe:
- Mayi wamanyazi, nthawi zonse ali ndi nkhawa ndi nkhawa, amapereka umboni wake pa psyche ya mwanayo "kuti azichita mantha mwachilengedwe!";
- chiwawa, kuzunzidwa ali mwana;
- kudzipatula pakati paunyamata;
- mikhalidwe yaumunthu (kuwonjezereka, chiopsezo, nkhawa);
- mtundu wamaganizo;
- chithunzithunzi;
- kuseka muunyamata ndi unyamata.
Kuopa anthu - phobia
Mafibias onse amadziwika ndi zizindikiro zofanana, zomwe zimachitika poyang'ana kuchitika mu malo a mantha. Pachifukwa ichi, kusokoneza maganizo kumawonetsedwa m'magulu angapo (makamaka, pali pafupifupi 100):
- ohlofobiya (demophobia) - kuopa makamu a anthu kapena kusokonezeka kwa anthu m'malo amodzi;
- Haptophobia - kukhudzidwa kwa alendo kumachititsa mantha;
- Gomilofobiya - kuopa kulankhula ndi alendo;
- Kusiyana ndi mantha - kuyang'ana m'maso;
Palinso mitundu yosayembekezereka yowonongeka kwa anthu:
- mantha a anthu ochepa kwambiri;
- mantha a ofiira ndi ophwanyika;
- kuwopa okalamba;
- kuopa anthu a mtundu wina;
- Kuwopa anthu omwe amavala ndevu ndi masharubu kapena mosiyana ndi kumeta.
Zizindikiro zodziwika za chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi anthu osiyanasiyana:
- kudzidalira kwa munthu mwa iyemwini;
- moyo wodokha;
- kudana ndi alendo;
- Sungani ndi kusokonezeka pamene mukuukira malo osokoneza maganizo a anthu ena.
Zizindikiro zowonongeka kwa anthu:
- kunjenjemera m'thupi lonse;
- chills;
- kutuluka thukuta;
- kunyoza ndi kusanza;
- kuwombera;
- maganizo ovuta.
Kuopa khamu lalikulu
Demophobia ndi matenda osokoneza ubongo omwe amachititsa mantha a anthu ambiri. Magwero a mantha awa angakhale kukumbukira kulikonse kwaunyamata komwe kumakhudzana ndi zovuta zomwe zinachitika ndi khamu lalikulu la anthu. Kuopa kusokonezeka kumatha kukhalanso wamkulu, pamene chigawenga chimachitika pamalo amodzi, chomwe chimachitika pamaso pa munthu, kumenya nkhondo kapena ngakhale kupha, chingakhale chothandizira mantha aakulu.
Kuopa kukhudza alendo
Kuopa kwa anthu ndi kosiyana kwambiri kuti njira zomwe zimayambitsa zimenezi kapena mantha sizimveka nthawi zonse. Munthu akhoza kukula m'banja lachimwemwe, wachikondi, koma izi sizikutsimikizira kuti adzamasulidwa ku mantha oopsa. Haptophobia - kafukufuku wosadziwika kawirikawiri, amadziwonetsera ngati mantha a kukhudzidwa kwa anthu omwe ali pafupi komanso osakhala. Maina ena chifukwa cha mantha awa:
- gaffefobia;
- aphenmosfophobia;
- Haptophobia.
Zomwe zimayambitsa haptophobia:
- zovuta;
- schizophrenia;
- Cholinga cha munthu kuti ateteze malo ake;
- kuzunzidwa kugonana pa msinkhu uliwonse;
- kunyada monga khalidwe la khalidwe;
- Kusokoneza maganizo (mantha owonetsa pakamwa ndi kukhudzana).
Maonekedwe a Haptophobia:
- Pewani kugwira kulikonse kwa thupi (kugwedeza, kugwedeza, kukupsompsona);
- Amayi ndi amuna omwe amapulumuka chiwawa amapewa kugwira munthu wogonana yemwe wachita zachiwawa;
- amamva zovuta zambiri pamene akuyesera kuwakhudza;
- Malinga ndi zomwe haptophobes amanena, zimakhudza chifukwa chake mwazimene zimakhala zowononga kapena kuzizira.
Kuopa kuyankhulana ndi anthu
Kuopa kuyanjana ndi anthu kumaphatikizapo zonse zolimbitsa thupi. Munthu wokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu akuwopa chilichonse chokhudzana ndi anthu ena. Kuopa kulankhulana ndi anthu kumapangidwira muubwana chifukwa cholephera kuyanjana ndi anzawo, panthawi ya maonekedwe a anthu, omwe amatha kulephera, zonsezi zimasiyidwa pamaganizo a mwanayo psyche kuchokera mmenemo mkhalidwe wamtundu wa anthu wamtsogolo komanso wamtendere.
Kuopa anthu oyang'ana m'maso
Kuopa anthu ndi anthu kungathe kuwonetseredwa mwa mantha, monga ommatophobia - mantha a maso. Phobia yosadziwika ndi yophunzira bwino amawopa poyang'ana pa interlocutor ndipo pamene woyimilira akuphunzira ndikuyang'anitsitsa mosamalitsa. Maganizo a munthu wochokera kunja akuwoneka ngati nkhanza ndi kulowerera mu malo ake, zomwe zimachititsa mantha ndi mantha. Mantha a "diso loipa" ndi mtundu wa ommatophobia, munthu amawopa kuti adzakhala jinxed kapena kuwonongeka.
Kuopa kulankhula ndi anthu
Homilophobia - kuopa anthu movuta, zochitika chifukwa cha ndemanga yolakwika. Kuopa kulankhula ndi anthu kungapangitse mantha chifukwa chokhala ndi chidwi kapena kukonda chidwi. Munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto la gomilophobia amakhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri, ngakhale pamene wina akufunsapo funso losavuta, mwachitsanzo, kupempha njira - akuganiza kuti adzaonedwa ngati wopusa komanso wopanda pake. Njira yeniyeni ya gomilophobia sizimveka bwino.
Kuopa alendo
Izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu onse apadziko lapansi akhale ndi chibadwa. Kugonjera - mwa zina kumafotokozedwa mu hypertrophied version: kudana ndi mafuko ena, anthu omwe si achikhalidwe. Muwonetseredwe kawirikawiri, munthu amene amaopa anthu achilendo akuwopsya ndipo amawopa onse omwe si achibale ake. Kawirikawiri izi ndi vuto lalikulu kwa munthuyo mwiniwake ndipo zimatsogolera kuti azikhala okhaokha ndi kutayika kwa anthu.
Kodi mungathe bwanji kuchotsa anthu ena?
Kudziletsa nokha kwa phobias n'kotheka kokha ngati munthu akuzindikira kuti ali ndi vuto. Pakati pa chikhalidwe cha anthu pali ambiri amene amapeza mwadzidzidzi choonadi ndipo amadziwa kuti ali ndi vuto la phobic, ndipo akuzindikira kuti pali mafunso: chochita ndi momwe angaleke kuopa anthu? Ngati palibe mwayi wokaonana ndi katswiri, pachigawo choyambirira mungathe kutsatira zotsatirazi zomwe mungachite kuti musamaope anthu ndi kukhala amanyazi:
- kupeza chifukwa - zidzakuthandizira kuwona kuwonjezereka kwa mantha ndi zovuta zina siziyenera kukhala vuto la moyo wonse;
- Ntchito yodziwa ndi malingaliro olakwika - kuwongolera iwo ndi zabwino;
- kuthana ndi mantha;
- kukhala ndi makhalidwe atsopano (kuyambitsa zochepa zazing'ono poyendetsa mantha, mmalo mochita mwachizoloŵezi kuthawa).
Kutentha kwa anthu - mankhwala
Pazifukwa zovuta, pamene maganizo ovuta amachititsa mantha kuwonetsa munthu - momwe mungagonjetsere anthu ena? Kuopa anthu - kumatanthawuza matenda ovutika maganizo, choncho amachizidwa ngati nthenda iliyonse. Mankhwala amachiritso amadziwika ndi kuika wodwalayo gulu la mankhwala osokoneza bongo:
- chiwonongeko (Validol, Novo-Passit);
- Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana (Giperecin, mankhwala opangidwa ndi wort St. John's);
- zotetezera (Afobazol, Phenazepam).
Psychotherapy pakuthandizira kusokoneza maganizo kwa anthu akugwira bwino ntchito izi:
- Cholinga chodabwitsa - chofunika cha njirayi ndi kuyesa kufunafuna zomwe munthuyo akuwopa, kuti abweretse mantha ku mfundo yosadziwika.
- Gulu la zidziwitso-khalidwe lachidziwitso ndi njira yowonongeka, yomwe imakhala yochepetsetsa m'maganizo mwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa mantha.