Phenomenology mu filosofi

"Kubwereranso kuzinthu zokha!" - ziri ndi mawu awa a Husserl, amene anayambitsa phenomenology, kuti izi zikuyamba mu filosofi ya zaka za m'ma 1900. Ntchito yaikulu ya chiphunzitso ichi ndikutembenukira ku chidziwitso choyambirira, kuti chidziwitso chiyenera kumveka ngati "kudzikonda" (umunthu wamkati mwa umunthu uliwonse).

Zochitika zapangidwe za umunthu

Kuyambira ali mwana, kudzidzimva kwatuluka ndipo kunapangidwa mwa munthu. Pa nthawi yomweyi, maonekedwe oyambirira payekha aikidwa. Zochitika zapitukuko za umunthu zimaganizira ngati khalidwe la chikhalidwe cha munthu aliyense chifukwa cha kulera kwake ndi kugwirizana ndi anthu.

Kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwaumwini munthu amakhudzidwa ndi banja lake, ndipo khalidwe la makolo mwa iye limayika maganizo a mwanayo ku dziko lozungulira.

Mchitidwe wa socialization ukuchitika mwakhama mu ubwana ndi unyamata. Choncho, kusonkhana pakati pa munthu wamkulu kumawonetseredwa, poyamba choyamba, kusintha kwa maonekedwe ake, kumayang'ana kumvetsetsa luso lapadera, ndi ana - kusintha miyezo ndi cholinga cholimbikitsa khalidwe la munthu.

Phenomenology ya maganizo

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, imatchedwa njira yophunzirira zochitika m'maganizo. Maganizo amatha panthawi yonse ya kukula kwaumunthu, amakhudzidwa ndi zochitika zina, zochitika, amadalira zifukwa zambiri. Zomwe zimapangitsa munthu aliyense kumverera zimamupangitsa kumva kuti "I".

Kusiyanitsa njira zoterezi pophunzirira zozizwitsa monga: Woodworth, Boyko, Shlosberag, Wundt, komanso chipangizo chomwe chimayesa kusintha kwa thupi komwe kumayambitsa maganizo.

Phenomenology ya chikondi

Pali chikondi chotere monga: philia, eros, agape ndi storge. Ndi agape yomwe ndi chikondi cha nsembe, chiwonetsero chenicheni chakumverera uku. Zoona, chikondi ndi cha mitundu iwiri: imodzi imadziwonetsera muzodzaza zowonongeka, ndikuwonetsera chitsime cha kudzoza ndi mphamvu, ndipo mtundu wachiwiri umadziwonetsera mu chilengedwe, kukhudzidwa, ndi luso lochitira.

Phenomenology ya chidziwitso

Kwa phenomenology, zikuluzikulu za chidziwitso ndi:

1. Kudziwa ndizochitika zosatha.
2. Mtsinje wochuluka wa chidziwitso uli ndi mbali zomwe ziri zofunikira kwambiri m'chilengedwe.
3. Amadziwika ndi kuganizira zinthu.
4. Makhalidwe apamwamba a zochitikazi ndi noema ndi noesis.
5. Chidziwitso chiyenera kufufuzidwa ndi maonekedwe ake (mwachitsanzo, kuyesa chidziwitso, makhalidwe, ndi zina zotero)