Mofanana ndi mbewu ina iliyonse, nkhaka nthawi zambiri imadwala matenda osiyanasiyana - matenda opatsirana, fungal, mabakiteriya. Matendawa amachititsa kuti chikhalidwe chawo chiwonongeke kwambiri.
Pofuna kuthana ndi zoopsazo komanso panthawi yoyenera, muyenera kudziwa za matenda omwe amakwera nkhaka ndikumenyana nawo. M'nkhaniyi, tiona momwe matenda amakhudzira aliri, ndikupeza momwe angachitire ndi iwo.
Waukulu matenda a nkhaka ndi kukonzekera kwa iwo
Choncho, matenda ambiri ndi awa:
- Powdery mildew amakhudza nkhaka zamkango nthawi zambiri. Zikuwoneka ngati chikhalidwe cha matenda ndi chotsatira: masamba ndi zimayambira za nkhaka zimaphimbidwa ndi chigamba choyera kapena dzimbiri ngati mawanga omwe amamera. Kenaka tsamba limayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndi youma, ndipo fruiting imatha. Powdery mildew imakhudza zomera zomwe zimavutika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi kapena kutentha, komanso kuwonjezereka kwa feteleza zamchere. Kulimbana ndi matendawa, fungicides "Topaz", "Topsin", colloidal sulfure, mkuwa oxychloride, mankhwala amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito: mullein kulowetsedwa, mkaka wowawasa wosakaniza mofanana ndi madzi, njira yothetsera soda komanso sopo.
- Peronosporosis, kapena downy mildew , ndi kachilombo koopsa kwambiri. Zingathe kukwiyitsa ndi kuthirira mbewu ndi madzi ozizira, kuphulika kwa mbewu, kusasamala njira zaulimi. Pamene peronosporose pamasamba a nkhaka amawonekeratu pang'ono. Patapita nthawi, chiwerengero chawo chikuwonjezeka, ngati kukula kwa mawanga okha, ndipo masamba amakhala ofiira ndi kufota. Downy powdery mildew ingakhudze chomera pamtundu uliwonse wa chitukuko chake. Monga "ambulansi" pakuzindikira zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa, lekani kulikudya ndi kuthirira nkhaka, ndipo chomeracho chimachitidwa ndi kutentha kwa mkuwa wamchere kapena Bordeaux madzi (osakaniza mkuwa ndi sulphate).
- Wina ode ku matenda a nkhaka, onse wowonjezera kutentha ndi kulima poyera pansi zinthu, ndi cladosporium . Zimakhudza zipatso ndi zimayambira za zomera, zomwe ziri ndi zilonda zamtundu wobiriwira, masiku angapo akuda mdima ndikukula kukula. Masamba a nkhaka amadzazidwa ndi zing'onozing'ono, zomwe zimauma ndi kugwa. Pakuti cladosporium iyi imatchedwa malo a azitona a bulauni. Choyambitsa chitukuko cha cladosporium ndi spores za bowa, zomwe zimawombera pa zitsamba za zaka zapitazo. Kuthandiza nkhaka kugonjetsa matenda owopsawa, omwe angasokoneze zokolola zonse, muyenera kutsatira zotsatirazi. Musamamwe madzi kwa masiku angapo, zomwe zimayambitsa kutentha (kutsegula wowonjezera kutentha usiku kapena kuphimba zomera ndi filimu). Zimayenera kuika nkhaka zodwala ndi mankhwala ndi kukonzekera kwakapadera: zikhoza kukhala "Oksihom", podzazol, 0,4% yothetsera mchere wa chloride kapena 1% yothetsera Bordeaux madzi.
- Vuto loyera, kapena sclerotinia , ndi losavuta kuzindikira. Pa chomera chokhudzidwayo, anayamba kuoneka ngati matupi oyera a fungal, omwe kenako amawomba. Zimayambira ndi zokutira zoyera, zimakhala zochepa komanso zofewa, kenako zimavunda. Monga chithandizo cha matendawa, m'pofunikira kudula malo okhudzidwa kukhala ndi ziwalo zathanzi, ndi kudula magawo ndi makala. Njira yothetsera zakudya (chisakanizo cha urea, mkuwa wa sulfate, nthaka ya sulfate ndi madzi) imaperekedwanso ku nkhaka zowola.
- Pamene zovunda zimakhalapo, mbali zina zazomerazo zimakhala ndi mawanga ofiira ndi malaya amvi. Matendawa amabwera chifukwa cha madzi komanso kutsika kwa nthawi yomweyo. Ngati zowola imapezeka, masamba onse othandizidwa, zimayambira ndipo zipatso ziyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi "Bayleton" kapena "Rovral".
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungatetezere nkhaka ku matenda. Ndipo kuti mavuto ngati amenewa samakuvutitsani inu ndi kubzala kwanu, onetsetsani kuti mukuyang'ana ulimi, musabzale nkhaka pamalo omwewo (akhoza kubwereranso ku bedi wakale osati kale lonse kuposa zaka 4), ndi kuthirira madzi nthawi zonse ndi madzi ofunda.
