Pofuna kukula tomato, m'pofunikira kuyesetsa kwambiri kuyambira pachiyambi: kusankha mbewu zabwino, kukula mbande kwa iwo, kudzala mbande pansi, madzi ndi kudyetsa zomera. Ndipo tsiku lina, pamene, zikuwoneka, zimangokhala kukolola, mwadzidzidzi mumapeza kuti zitsamba za phwetekere zinayamba kuuma, ndipo zipatso zatsopano zimakhala zakuda. Kodi izi zimachitika bwanji? Ndi chifukwa chiyani tomato wobiriwira wonyezimira pamalo otseguka komanso wowonjezera kutentha, izi zimachitika kutentha kotani?
Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo za izi. Izi zikhoza kukhala zowola kapena vertex zowola , zomwe zimachitika pamene kusowa kwa mchere, makamaka calcium. Komanso, tomato amatembenukira wakuda pa tchire chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa acidity m'nthaka. Mutha kukhala ndi zomera zowonjezera ndi feteleza zomwe zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni. Koma kawirikawiri tomato amatembenuka wakuda ngati phytophthora - matenda a fungal omwe amafalikira kwa masamba ena, kuphatikizapo mbatata.
Makamaka mwamsanga, mochedwa choipitsa chimayamba mvula, nyengo yamvula. Poyamba, matendawa amawoneka pa masamba a phwetekere: kumtunda kuli ndi mawanga ofiirira, ndipo m'munsimu - ndi imvi pachimake. Pang'onopang'ono, masamba a phwetekere amatembenuka wakuda, kenako zipatso zobiriwira zimayamba kuda. Nthawi zina zingawoneke kuti phytophthora sanagwire zipatso, koma pamene akukula, mawanga ofiira amawonekera, tomato amazungulira kuchokera mkati ndipo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Matendawa amayamba kufalikira mofulumira mu Julayi-August, pamene mafunde akuwoneka, mame ochuluka akugwa, kusiyana pakati pa usana ndi usiku kumatentha.
Njira zothetsera vuto lochedwa
Kupewa phytophthora kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi yaitali musanaoneke m'munda wanu. Choyamba, m'pofunika kuyang'ana kuzungulira mbeu m'dera lanu: palibe chomwe muyenera kubzala tomato mutatha mbatata kapena pafupi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ndikofunika kuti muzitsatira ndondomeko yoyenera ya kubzala phwetekere, namsongole nthawi zonse amsongole, kuchotsani masamba onse odwala kapena obwera.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti tipewe matenda a phwetekere panthawi yolowera ndi kumangiriza ming'oma ya mitundu yayitali. Pachifukwa ichi, kuchokera ku nthaka mpaka kumunsi masamba a zomera ayenera kukhala osachepera fifentimita sentimita. Mu chipinda chopangidwa ndi thinned, padzakhala mpweya wokwanira, womwe udzateteza kuchitika kwa matenda a fungal.
Mukhozanso kupanga mankhwala odziteteza kumapeto kwa choyipa phwetekere: mutatha maluwa, muzitsuka phwetekere ndi acrobat, Metaxyl kapena Zaslon. Ndiye, pamene tchire zimakula phwetekere, ayenera kupatsidwa mankhwala ndi njira yothetsera fungicides, yomwe imaphatikizapo mkuwa.
Njira yodziŵika bwino ndiyo njira yodziwika - yoponya tsinde la phwetekere ndi waya wamkuwa pamtunda wa masentimita 15 kuchokera pansi. Zakudya zam'madzi zidzakwera phesi ndikunyamula ioni zamkuwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda a fungal akule.
Bwanji ngati tomato atembenuka wakuda?
Ngati, ngakhale zitsulo zonsezi, masamba akuumabe pa tomato, ndipo nsonga za zipatso zimatembenuka wakuda kuchokera pansi, kotero muyenera kuyamba mwamsanga kuti muteteze mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani tsiku limodzi lamasewera ndipo perekani zitsamba za tomato ndi njira yothetsera calcium chloride kapena kungokhala ndi mankhwala otentha a saline. Pa filimu yamchere ya phwetekere imapangidwa, yomwe imateteza wathanzi
Pambuyo mvula, perekani zomera zowononga ndi 1% njira ya Bordeaux madzi, omwe salowa mkati mwa zomera zokha, ndipo chotero mu thupi la munthu silidzagwa.
Pali njira zambiri zolimbana ndi vuto lochedwa. Mukhoza kusamalira tomato ndi adyo kulowetsedwa, kusakaniza mkaka kapena mkaka wothira madzi.
Dulani ndi kuwononga zitsamba zowonongeka kwathunthu, ndi kudula zipatso zobiriwira. Musanayike tomato wotere pa kusasitsa, ayenera kuchitidwa ndi madzi otentha pa kutentha kwa 70 ° C.