Mthunzi wa chuma ndizofunika komanso zofunikira za mthunzi wa chuma

Misonkho yaikulu, zoletsa zosiyanasiyana ndi umbombo zimapangitsa anthu kuchita bizinesi yawo mumthunzi kuti athetse malamulo ndi kupeza zopindulitsa. Boma la mthunzi limabweretsa mavuto aakulu ku chuma cha boma ndipo nkofunikira kulimbikira kulimbana nawo.

Kodi chuma cha mthunzi n'chiyani?

Ntchito zomwe zimakula mosalekeza komanso popanda chiwerengero cha boma zimatchedwa chuma cha mthunzi. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa maonekedwe ake. Lingaliro ndi kufunika kwa chuma cha mthunzi kwaphunzira kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo kutanthauzira ndi kulepheretsa ntchito zoletsedwa ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti chikhalidwe chonse komanso dziko likhale lofunika. Mawuwa anagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1970.

Mthunzi wa chuma umakhala wokhudzana ndi malamulo ndi chuma chenichenicho, ndipo umagwiritsa ntchito ntchito zapadera, mwachitsanzo, ntchito kapena zochitika zosiyanasiyana za chikhalidwe. Zochitika zoletsedwa zotere zimathandiza kulandira phindu lalikulu, lomwe sililipira msonkho ndipo limangotchulidwa pazinthu zokhazokha.

Mitundu ya chuma cha mthunzi

Pali mitundu yambiri ya chuma cha mthunzi chomwe chimapanga dongosolo lina:

1. Mkwendo woyera . Njirayi ikutanthauza kuti anthu ogwira ntchito mwachangu akugwira ntchito zoletsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kufalitsa kwapadera kwa ndalama za dziko. Lingaliro la chuma chamthunzi, limasonyeza kuti nkhani zazochitikazo ndi anthu ochokera kumalonda omwe ali ndi udindo wapamwamba. "Ogwira ntchito yoyera" amagwiritsa ntchito udindo wawo ndi zolakwa zawo m'malamulo. Kuchita zachiwawa, matekinoloje amakono amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
2. Gray . Mapangidwe a chuma cha mthunzi amaphatikizapo mtundu wodalirika wa bizinesi, ndiko kuti, pamene ntchito ikuloledwa ndi lamulo, koma siinalembedwe. Ndi makamaka bizinesi yaying'ono yopanga ndikugulitsa katundu ndi mautumiki osiyanasiyana. Mtundu uwu ndi wamba kwambiri.
3. Mdima . Uwu ndiwo chuma cha upandu wotsutsana, wogwirizana ndi kupanga ndi kufalitsa zinthu zosaloledwa ndi lamulo (poaching, zida, mankhwala osokoneza bongo).

Maluso ndi zoipa za chuma cha mthunzi

Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti ntchito zosavomerezeka ndi zobisika kuchokera ku boma zimakhudza miyoyo ya munthu komanso mkhalidwe wa dziko, koma ochepa amadziwa kuti chuma cha mthunzi chimakhala ndi ubwino wake monga chikhalidwe ndi zachuma. Ngati tiyerekezera ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ntchito yotereyi, zolephera zimakhala zochepa kwambiri.

Kuipa kwa chuma cha mthunzi

Mayiko ambiri akulimbana ndi vutoli, chifukwa ilo limakhudza kwambiri njira zambiri ndi chitukuko cha anthu.

1. Zimachepetsa kukula kwa chuma cha dziko, mwachitsanzo, GDP imachepetsedwa, kusowa kwa ntchito kumakula, ndi zina zotero.
2. Malipiro a boma akuchepa, popeza mabungwe omwe amachita zinthu zosavomerezeka samalipira misonkho.
3. Ndalama zowonongeka kwa ndalama zimachepetsedwa ndipo ogwira ntchito m'boma la bajeti, anthu omwe amapita ku penshoni ndi magulu ena a anthu omwe amalandira malipiro a anthu akuvutika ndi izi.
4. Msampha wa chuma cha mthunzi umagwirizanitsa ndi kuti umathandiza kuti chiphuphu chiwonjezeke, koma chiphuphu chimalimbikitsa chitukuko cha ntchito zoletsedwa.

Zotsatira za chuma cha mthunzi

Monga tanenera kale, zinthu zabwino za ntchito zoletsedwa ndizochepa, koma ndi izi:

1. Zotsatira zabwino za chuma cha mthunzi zimachokera poti zinthu zoterezi zimabweretsa ndalama kwa malamulo.
2. Imeneyi ndi njira yowonetsera mitsempha yowonongeka. Izi ndizotheka chifukwa cha kugawidwa kwazinthu pakati pa malo ololedwa ndi oletsedwa.
3. Kulemera kwa mthunzi kumakhudza kwambiri zotsatira za mavuto azachuma pamene kulimbikitsidwa kwakukulu kwa ogwira ntchito omwe angapeze malo mu gawo lomwelo.

Mthunzi wa chuma ndi chiphuphu

Izo zatchulidwa kale kuti mfundo ziwirizi zimagwirizanirana ndipo zimatchedwa mapasa a anthu ndi azachuma. Chofunika kwambiri cha chuma cha mthunzi ndi chiphuphu ndi chimodzimodzi pazifukwa, zolinga ndi zina.

1. Ntchito zosavomerezeka zikhoza kukhazikika pokhapokha ngati magulu onse amphamvu ndi boma ali achinyengo.
2. Zochita kunja kwa lamulo zimathandiza kuti kukhazikitsa ubale wa ziphuphu kumadera onse omwe amakhudza kukhalapo kwake.
3. Ziphuphu zimapangitsa mabungwe osaloledwa kukhala mumthunzi, ndipo zimapanganso maziko okonzekera magawo atsopano a bizinesi yamthunzi.
4. Mfundo ziwiri zomwe tanenazi ndizogwirizanitsa ndalama.

Zotsatira za chuma cha mthunzi

Mfundo zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti machitidwe osavomerezeka akuphatikize ndi awa:

1. Misonkho yaikulu . Nthawi zambiri kuchita bizinesi sikungapindule, monga phindu lonse limapereka misonkho.
2. Mkulu wapamwamba wa bureaucracy . Pofotokoza zifukwa za chuma chamthunzi, munthu sangathe kunyalanyaza kulakwa kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka boma.
3. Kusokoneza kwambiri kwa boma . Anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito zamalonda amadandaula kuti kafukufuku wamisonkho kawirikawiri amachititsa kufufuza, amaika malipiro ndi zina zotero.
4. Zilango zazing'ono kuti mudziwe ntchito zoletsedwa . Zabwino zoperekedwa kwa munthu yemwe amachita zinthu zoletsedwa, nthawi zambiri, zimakhala zochepa kuposa phindu lake.
5. Zowonongeka zovuta . Panthawi ya mavuto azachuma, ntchito zachuma zimakhala zopanda phindu ndipo aliyense amayesera kupita mumthunzi.

Zotsatira zoipa za mthunzi wa chuma

Bungwe losavomerezeka ndi chinthu chodetsa nkhaŵa chomwe chimakhudza dongosolo lonse la zachuma la boma. Kuti mumvetse chifukwa chake mthunzi wabwino ndi woipa, muyenera kuyang'ana mndandanda wa zotsatira zoipa.

1. Pali kuchepetsa bajeti ya boma, popeza palibe malipiro a msonkho.
2. Chifukwa cha zotsatira za ngongole ndi zachuma, pali kusintha kosasintha mu kayendedwe ka malipiro ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa kutsika kwa ndalama .
3. Zotsatira za chuma cha mthunzi zimagwirizananso ndi zachuma zakunja, popeza kulibe kudalira kwa anthu omwe akugulitsa zamayiko akunja.
4. Ziphuphu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa mphamvu zikukula kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, chitukuko chachuma cha dziko chimachepa ndipo gulu lonse likuvutika.
5. Mabungwe ambiri apansi sakugwirizana ndi chilengedwe kuti athe kuchepetsa ndalama komanso popanda ndalama, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe.
6. Chifukwa cha chuma cha mthunzi, zinthu zikuyenda bwino, monga makampani akunyalanyaza malamulo a ntchito.

Njira zothana ndi chuma cha mthunzi

Kulimbana ndi ntchito zopanda malire ndizovuta kwambiri, kupatula kukula kwa kufalikira. Kulimbana ndi chuma cha mthunzi chiyenera kukhala chokwanira ndikugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

1. Kuchita kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka msonkho komwe kungathandize kuchotsa gawo la ndalama kuchokera mumthunzi.
2. Kuwalanga chilango kwa akuluakulu aboma.
3. Kuyamba njira zowubweretsera ndalama zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja kwa dziko ndikupanga nyengo yowonetsera ndalama kuti athetse kuwononga ndalama.
4. Tanthauzo la mafakitale omwe amagwira ntchito mobisa, ndi kutha kwa ntchito zawo.
5. Kuonjezera kulamulira pa ndalama, zomwe sizingapereke mpata wambiri.
6. Kuchepetsa kupanikizika pa bizinesi ndi boma, mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha akuluakulu oyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira.
7. Kuletsedwa kwa chilolezo chosayendetsedwa ndi kukopa kwa ngongole .
8. Kugawidwa kwa mphamvu m'makhoti ndi akuluakulu ena. Malamulo ayenera kukhazikika.

Mabuku omwe ali pa chuma chamthunzi

Makampani osagwirizana ndi malamulo amaphunzira mosamala ndi azachuma, zomwe zimayambitsa kupezeka kwa mabuku osiyanasiyana pa mutuwu.

1. "Mthunzi wa chuma" Privalov K.V. Buku lophunzitsira limapereka njira yatsopano yofotokozera mfundoyi. Wolembayo akuphunzira vuto la kusinthika ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana za bizinesi zosavomerezeka.
2. "Zomwe zimathandiza kuti boma likhale ndi mphamvu zogwirira ntchito" L. Zakharova . Wolembayo ali ndi chidwi ndi momwe kulilimbana ndi chuma cha mthunzi chikuchitika, bukhu limayang'ana njira zingapo.