Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, momwe mungalimbikitsire petunia, munthu amayenera kuthana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku luso lamakono la kumera ndi kuthandizira mbande , kuteteza minda yobiriwira ku zinthu zovulaza. Zonsezi zinkapindula kangapo, chifukwa chokongoletsera chikhalidwechi chimakhala ndi udindo waukulu padziko lonse lapansi.
Kodi kukula petunias m'munda?
Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi funso la momwe mungapangire petunia, ndibwino kuti mudziwe bwino chiyambi cha maluwa ndi mitundu yake yotchuka. Shrub yokongoletserayi imatanthawuza banja la Solanaceae, ofufuza a ku Ulaya anazipeza poyamba ku Brazil. Achibale apamtima a masiku ano a petunia ndi fodya ndi tomato ndi mbatata, m'madera otentha amamera ngati osatha. Tili ndi chikhalidwe chimenechi chokwanira chaka ndi chaka kuti tikongoletse kumbuyo, loggias kapena makonde.
Mwa kuswana kwa zomera zakutchire kwa zaka zambiri, mitundu yambiri ya haibridi yadziwika yomwe imatchuka chifukwa cha zokongoletsera zawo. Mu funso la momwe mungalimbikitsire petunia molondola, choyamba muyenera kudziwa mtundu wa zitsamba zomwe mungasankhe pakugula mbewu za mitundu yabwino kwambiri. Pali mitundu khumi ndi itatu ya petunias ndi subspecies yambiri yapachiyambi:
- Cascade petunia - mawonekedwe akuluakulu, omwe angapereke nthambi zowonjezera. Ngati mulibe chidziwitso, momwe mungamere phokoso la petunia, ndiye musabzale mbeu zoposa zitatu mumphika umodzi. Mitundu yotchuka - Cherry, Mkuntho, Ntchentche yotchedwa Cascade, Silver, Gioconda, Ramblin.
- Ampelia petunia ndi shrub yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe imakhala ndi lianate mphukira, yotentha kuchokera ku chilimwe mpaka chisanu ndi masamba a 50-10 masentimita. Mvula yam'madzi, Lilac surf, White, Royal Magenta, Pink Pink, White, Pink, Lavender, Blue, Kuthamanga, Mvula Yamkuntho.
- Shrub petunia - mitundu yochepa yomwe ikukula ndi msinkhu wa chitsamba kufika masentimita 30. Ndibwino kuti anthu athetse vutoli, momwe angamere phala potsotso m'malo ochepa. Zovomerezeka ndizojambula, Sonata, Valentine, Duo F1, Double Cascade Plum Wayne.
- Petunia floribunda - m'mabuku ake ali pamtunda pakati pa lalikulu-flowered ndi multiflorous mitundu. Maluwawo amakhala aakulu mpaka masentimita 10, amawoneka okongola pamene akongoletsera zida zambiri. Kulima kumudzi, akatswiri amalimbikitsa mitundu yotsatira ya petunia floribunda - Sonya F1 Series, Celebrity rong F1 Series, Madness F1 Series.
Petunia - kukula kuchokera ku mbewu
Kambiranani vuto la momwe mungamere pusitusi patsiku kunyumba, mungathe kungokhala ndi ndalama zambiri. Mbeu zatsopano zomwe zimapezeka zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga wa mtsinje ndikufesedwa mu kuwala, nthaka yovunda mwa njira yeniyeni. Thirani madzi pang'ono pamwamba ndikuphimba chidebecho ndi kapu yamaliro, kutentha kwa 23 ° C petunia kudzawuka mu sabata. Chinyezi chimakhala chochepa, kuti chisayambe kupititsa patsogolo mwendo wakuda . Kusankha mu wowonjezera kutentha kumene timapereka kuyambira April, kutseguka pansi petunia wakula ndi kufika kutentha kotentha.
Kodi kukula petunia kwa cuttings?
Pobala mbewu, theka la mbande limakula mosavuta ndi petunia maluwa. Tchire lachiberekero m'miyezi yozizira limasungidwa mu greenhouses pamtunda wa 12 ° C. Mu March, kudula cuttings ndi masamba 4-5. Pambuyo pochotsa masamba awiri apansi, mphukira imachizidwa ndi "Kornevin". Kenaka amaikidwa pansi kuchokera mchenga, mtedza ndi kompositi. Timakulitsa mbande mu makapu masentimita imodzi ndi theka pamwamba pa mfundo. Fukani petunia pansi pa galasi pa kutentha kwa 25 ° C, kupanga kuwala kwa maola 16.
Kodi kukula wokongola petunia ku mbande?
Ngati chodzala mbande chafalikira, ndiye kuti chomeracho chikudwala ndi kutambasula, pakuwonekera kwa masamba 2-3 zimatha kusuntha mphukira ku chikho cha munthu aliyense. Pankhaniyi, momwe mungasamalire kunyumba petunia mutasankha, chinthu chachikulu ndikuwunikira ndi kuyatsa bwino ndikupitiriza kutentha kwa 22 ° C. Timadyetsa timadzi timadzi timadzi timadzi timadzi timene timapanga maluwa tsiku lililonse masiku khumi. Ngati ziphuphu zakhazikika, petunia yakula, mbande zikukula zimatha kupitirizabe. Nthanga zokhazikika zimasamutsidwa kumunda kapena kubwalo kumayambiriro kwa May, posankha kubzala madzulo ndi mitambo.
Kumene angakulire petunia?
Vuto la kukula kwa petunia, ndibwino kuthetsa mothandizidwa ndi mwapadera kapena kugula mu sitolo. Kuwaphimba ndi magalasi kapena mapulasitiki oonekera poyera, kupanga ma microclimate abwino mkati. Njira ina yopezera petunia maluwa mbande ndi kukula mbewu mu mapiritsi a peat. Ndi njira iyi, mungathe kuchita popanda mapepala, opanda mphukira zowopsya, ndikuziika m'munsi kapena poto lalikulu.
Kodi kusamalira petunia m'munda?
Ngati mwaika cholinga, momwe mungamere phalapuni yokongola, nthawi yonse yomwe mumakhala ndi maluwa osakhwima, pewani kubzala udzu wowala lotseguka ndi nthaka yomwe imakhala yochepetsetsa. Choposa zonse, chimakula pa nthaka yopanda ndale, chovala ndi humus. Dzikoli litakonzeka ndipo tinatha kupeza maluwa amphamvu a petunia maluwa, momwe tingasamalirire poyera?
Mitundu ya malamulo:
- Mbewu za mitundu yaying'ono-pansi zimapezeka pambuyo pa 15-20 masentimita,
- Large-flowered petunias wakula mwa 25-30 masentimita,
- Mitengo ya ma ampel yabwino imabzalidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 35 mpaka 50 cm,
- chitsamba mitundu obzalidwa miphika ndi buku la 5 malita,
- kwa ma ampel, muyenera kugula mphika wa maluwa mu kukula kwa malita 10,
- Mankhwala amphamvu olima amafuna chidebe ndi ma lita 30.
Kodi kusamalira petunia m'chilimwe?
Mitengo yambiri ya zomera ndi maluwa akuluakulu, akakula mu nyengo yamvula kapena kusowa kwaunikira, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti asiye kukula. Ngozi imapereka malo okongoletsera mabingu ndi matalala amphamvu ndi matalala, omwe nthawi zambiri amawononga kuchuluka kwa mbewu. Ndikofunika kubzala mitundu yotsika mtengo pabedi, ndikuyika zowonjezereka ndi zosawerengeka zowonongeka pamphika wodula. Kulima petunia pansi ndi njira yobumba kumapindulitsa kwambiri kuti eni ake amatha kuchotsa mosavuta zitsulozo pangozi pangozi.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji petunia, kotero kuti imamasula kwambiri?
Mu funso la momwe angasamalire petunia kotero kuti limamera elegantly ndi mochuluka nthawi yonse yotentha, munthu wamba akhoza kugwiritsira ntchito chinyengo chimodzi, chomwe chimapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri - prischipku mphukira. Njirayi imayambitsa branching ya chitsamba ndipo imayambitsa kukula kwa zobiriwira. Pa chomera chochepa, uzitsine umachitidwa pachisanu internode, ndi kukula kwa kudulira kumachitidwa pa onse akuluakulu mphukira yaitali.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji petunia?
Pokonza nthawi zambiri kuti mumwe madzi a petunia, yesetsani kudzaza nthaka. Nthaŵi zonse chinyezi ndi madzi ochulukirapo zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu. Madzi abwino amathetsa mavuto ambiri ndipo amathandiza kupulumutsa vutoli. Kutentha, mukhoza kupanga petunias awiri kuthirira patsiku. Ngakhale chikhalidwe cholimba ichi chimatchuka chifukwa cha kukana kwa chilala, mkhalidwewo sungakhoze kubweretsedwa ku kuyanika kwathunthu kwa nthaka. Ngati pompu madzi ndi ovuta, ndiye kuti amavomereza pang'ono asanamwe madzi.
Petunia kudyetsa
Mu gawo loyamba la kukula, chomera chikudyetsedwa ndi madzi feteleza kwa maluwa ndi ndondomeko NPK 10-10-10. Kuwonjezeka kwina ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, kukonda kukonzekera ndi gawo la zothandiza zinthu NPK 10-15-20 kapena NPK 10-15-15. Malingaliro abwino ndi otchuka fetereza "Kemira", "Master" kapena "Agricola" . Anagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa petunia pamwamba kuvala wowerengeka mankhwala - ndi nettle kulowetsedwa kwa yopanga kunyumba. Dulani zomera zimayikidwa mu mbiya ndipo zimadzazidwa ndi madzi, patatha masiku atatu azitsulo, madzi amadziwika ndi kuchepetsedwa mwa chiwerengero cha 1:20.
Kodi kusamalira maluwa petunia?
Prischipku akuwombera kupitiriza nyengo yonse yofunda. Kuwombera kutalika kwa mkwapulo ku gawo lachitatu, kumathandiza chomera kupumula, kulimbikitsa mafunde atsopano a maluwa. Zimayambira zimatayidwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito kufalitsa mbande, kuziwombera m'madzi. Pankhaniyi, momwe mungasamalire patsiku, gawo lalikulu limasewera ndi kuyang'anitsitsa mabedi ndi maluwa. Tulutsani dothi, chotsani namsongole, onetsetsani kuti mutafafaniza masamba omwe awonongeka kwambiri. Chomera choyamikira pa kulima chidzayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu osati kusasitsa mbewu, koma maluwa ndi kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano.
Mfundo zazikulu zolakwika pakukula petunia
Chomerachi chikulekerera nyengo yamakono, koma kawirikawiri olima maluwawo amawononga petunia, kupanga zochitika za kukula kosagwirizana ndi kukhalapo kwake. Zovuta zoyambirira zimakhala ndikudikirira nyengo ya chilimwe yomwe ikukhala mmera. Ngati simukudziwa malamulo oyambirira, mukhoza kupeza mbande zosavuta kapena mbande zofooka ndi zofooka, zomwe simungathe kuzikhala mu chitsamba cholimba.
Zolakwitsa zambiri kukula petunia:
- m'malo mofesa mopanda nzeru amateurs osadziwa zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito kufesa petunia pansi mpaka kuya,
- Kumera kwa mbewu kumapeto kwa mdima popanda kuwala,
- imfa ya petunia kuchokera ku madzi,
- popanda njira zothandizira, petunia amawonongeka ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga,
- zowonjezera plantings za petunia zimayambitsa kuletsa kukula,
- Mafuta a miphika kapena miphika sagwirizana ndi mizu.
Petunia - tizirombo ndi matenda
Wokhalamo amayenera kukonzekera bwino nyengo ya chilimwe, pali matenda ndi tizirombo ta petunia, kupewa ndikumenyana ndi zomwe zimayesetsa kwambiri. Petunia ndi wa banja la Solanaceae, choncho amavutika ndi kukula kwachilombochi kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo towononga. Ndalama zambiri za nkhondo ndi tizirombo siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma ndi chisamaliro chosasokonekera zimatha kusokoneza mavuto ambiri pa flowerbeds.
Matenda aakulu ndi tizirombo ta petunia:
- mwendo wakuda,
- imvi zowola,
- zovunda zoyera,
- malo a bulauni,
- kuchepa kwachedwa,
- whitefly.
Zowola zimagonjetsedwa ndi Skorom, Maxim, ndi biopreparations. Against mochedwa choipitsa ndi spotting mu kulima petunias bwino anathandiza processing "Oxihom", "Ridomil Gold", mkuwa oxychloride. Tizilombo tawonongedwa ndi mankhwala omwe amatanthauza "Karate", "Decis", "Aktara". Mungagwiritse ntchito sopo pogwiritsa ntchito fodya, zakudya zosakaniza tsabola wotentha kapena dandelion, maphikidwe ena.