Matenda a Lyme ndi amodzi mwa matenda opatsirana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nkhupakupa. Milandu ya matenda imapezeka nthawi zambiri m'mayiko ambiri a Asia ndi Europe, kuphatikizapo athu, ndipo chiwerengero cha kulemala ndi kufa kumeneku chifukwa cha matendawa sikochepa.
Kodi matenda a Lyme ndani mwa anthu?
Matenda aakulu, omwe angapangitse ngakhale nkhuku imodzi kuluma - borreliosis. Amatchedwanso matenda a Lyme, oyamba kulembedwa ndi kufotokoza zaka zoposa 40 zapitazo ku USA mumzinda wa Laim. Kenaka odwala ambiri anapeza kuti ali ndi "nyamakazi ya mwana wamagazi", ndipo patangotha kafukufuku ambiri asayansi atsimikizira kuti matendawa ndi nkhuku kuluma.
Lembani borreliosis ndi matenda a chilengedwe omwe ali ndi matenda odziimira okhaokha, ndipo ambiri amadziwika ngati syndromes a etiology. Akakhala ndi kachilomboka, khungu limakhudzidwa, mawonekedwe a minofu, pakatikati pamanjenje, m'mitsempha ya mtima.
Matenda a Lyme ndi wothandizira
Lembani borreliosis (matenda a Lyme) amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Borrelia (kulamulira spirochetes). Izi ndi mabakiteriya aatali, omwe amawoneka ngati a kasupe, akukhazikika, makamaka m'magulu a nthiti zamtundu, m'matumbo omwe amayamba kubereka. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapezekanso m'magulu a ng'ombe, makoswe, mbalame, agalu ndi zinyama zina.
Nkhupakupa - malo osungira matenda, kuchokera kwa iwo nthawi zambiri, anthu amatenga kachilomboka. Mabakiteriya omwe ali ndi nyongolotsi ndi mathala omwe amachokera ndi nkhupakuka imatulukamo, borreliosis ikhoza kumera ngakhale pamene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikuluma, ndipo ngati zomwe zili m'matumbo zimadutsa mu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthendayi ya matenda imadalira kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya omwe alowetsa.
Mukhoza "kutenga" nkhuku m'nkhalango, nkhalango, msipu, ndi zina zotero. Tizilombo toyambitsa magazi nthawi zambiri timadikirira "wogwidwa", kumamatira tsamba la chomera, shrub, pamtunda wa mamita 1.5 kuchokera pansi. Kawirikawiri amagwera m'nyumba ndi ziweto, kumamatira ubweya wawo. Chiwerengerochi chikuchitika kuyambira May mpaka September, pamene tizilombo timakhala ndi gawo.
Matenda a Lyme - siteji
Matenda a Lyme (fetreliosis) ndi chitukuko chake chimadutsa muzigawo zitatu:
- Gawo I - malo opweteka oteteza matenda opatsirana ndi odwala, pamene mabakiteriya atatulutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- Gawo II - kufalitsa (pambuyo pa milungu ingapo, miyezi) - kufala kwa matenda kudzera m'magazi ndi kudzera m'mimba yamatenda kuchokera kumalo oyamba a ziwalo zosiyana, ziwalo zamkati, ziwalo;
- KUYAMBA - Kulimbikira (pakatha miyezi 1-12 kutha kwa siteji yachiwiri) - ndi matenda aakulu kwa thupi, mapulitsiro a ubongo amachitiramo njira yotupa, chifuwa chachikulu cha chiwalo chimodzi chikhoza kuwonedwa.
Zizindikiro za Borreliosis
Nthawi yotenga mavitamini nthawi zambiri masiku 7-10, nthawi zina osachepera kapena kuposa (masiku 30). Pamene matenda a Lyme amayamba, zizindikiro pa nthawi yoyamba sizowopsya munthu nthawi zonse ndipo amakakamizika kukaonana ndi dokotala, ambiri amazitengera ku chimfine, chimfine. Kuonjezera apo, si odwala onse kukumbukira nkhupakukakayamwa kakang'ono, nthawi zina sichidziwika.
Zizindikiro za borreliosis pambuyo Mafunso Chongani kuluma
Chizindikiro choyambirira kwambiri, chotsatiridwa ndi matenda a Lyme pambuyo pa nkhuku kuluma pa mawonekedwe a erythematous (mu 70% ya milandu) ndi mawonekedwe pa malo osungunuka a malo ozungulira kapena oval redinging zone, pang'onopang'ono akufutukula ndi kudziyika okha ku matenda osasunthika ndi malire ofiira owala. Kukula kwa malo ofiirawo kumatha kusiyana pakati pa 3 ndi 60 cm, zomwe sizidalira kukula kwa matendawa. Pakatikati ya erythema yayinganika, yaying'ono kapena yofiira. M'dera lofiira, kupweteka pang'ono, kuyabwa, kutaya khungu kumatha kumva.
Zizindikiro zina za borreliosis kumayambiriro oyambirira zingaphatikizepo izi:
- kutentha kwa thupi (mpaka 39-40 ° C);
- kufooka;
- kutopa;
- kuuma kwa minofu ya khosi;
- chisokonezo;
- kusanza;
- Kuzunzidwa pammero;
- pang'ono rhinitis;
- mutu;
- kutupa kwa mucosa diso;
- mphutsi pa nkhope;
- ululu pachiwindi.
Nthawi zina, zizindikirozi zilipo popanda kuoneka kofiira kuzungulira malo omwe akuluma. Patatha masabata angapo, mawonetseredwe amenewa afooka kapena atha, ngakhale kuti matendawa sanawathandize. Nthawi zina kudzidzimva kwadzidzidzi kumakhazikitsidwa. Kupanda kutero, matendawa amakula, amapita kumalo osatha kapena mu mawonekedwe ena onse okhudza ziwalo kapena machitidwe ena. Zizindikiro zina zimadalira malo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka:
1. Ngati mwagonjetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe a minofu:
- ululu m'magulu a ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi;
- kusintha;
- Kuletsedwa kwa kayendetsedwe kake m'magulu.
2. Ngati vuto la mtima:
- kuchuluka kwa mtima;
- kupuma pang'ono pa nthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kupumula;
- ululu wopweteka mumtima .
3. Pamene dongosolo lalikulu la mitsempha likukhudzidwa:
- kusangalatsa kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kabwino;
- kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kapena kuvutika maganizo;
- vuto la kukumbukira, kukumbukira;
- chisokonezo chagona;
- kufooka kwa mitsempha ya nkhope ;
- kugonjetsedwa kwa oculomotor, audition, optic mitsempha.
4. Ubongo ukawonongeka:
- kupweteka kwa mutu ;
- chizungulire;
- chisokonezo;
- kusanza;
- chithunzi;
- kuwonongeka kwa kumva, ndi zina zotero.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, zovuta za machitidwe a chipatala cha Lyme zingaphatikizepo kupanga mapangidwe a khungu la lymphocytoma - imodzi yokhala ndi nodule kapena kulowerera kapena kufalitsa zipika. Kawirikawiri mawonekedwe amenewa, opweteka pang'ono komanso amakhala ndi mtundu wofiira kwambiri, amawoneka m'makutu, makutu ndi mapiko a mammary, nkhope, mimba.
Matenda a Lyme - matenda
Lembani borreliosis, zizindikiro zomwe zimasiyana mu polymorphism, sizikupezeka mosavuta, makamaka m'kupita kwanthawi. Chithandizo chodalirika cha matenda othetsera matenda chikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pokhapokha ngati chitsimikizo chotchedwa erythematous chiwonetsedwe pambuyo pa nkhuku, yomwe ili chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa. Ndiye palibe chifukwa chofufuza kafukufuku.
Kuti mudziwe ngati nkhuku yakululu imayambitsa matenda, mutachotsedwa kuchoka pakhungu, ikhoza kutengedwera ku labotori kuti muyambe kufufuza. Kuti muchite izi, tizilombo timayikidwa mu mtsuko wa galasi pansi pa chivindikiro, kumene muyenera kuyamba kuyika chidutswa cha ubweya wa thonje womwe umadziviika m'madzi. Ndizomveka kuti tichite izi, ngati osapitirira tsiku kuchoka pa nkhukuyo, tizilomboti ndi amoyo.
Kufufuza kwa borreliosis
Matenda a Lyme m'gawo lachiwiri ndi lachitatu akhoza kupezedwa ndi mndandanda wa magazi a venous, omwe muyezo wake uli ndi matenda a borreliosis. Pachiyambi choyamba, sizingatheke kuona mabakiteriya mu laboratori. Kuyezetsa magazi kwa borreliosis kungapangidwe molingana ndi njira zotsatirazi:
- polymerase kayendedwe kaye - kuzindikira kwa zidutswa za DNA kapena RNA ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- enzyme immunoassay - kudziwika kwa ma antibodies a makala IgM ndi IgG;
- Kusalongosoka kwapadera kwapangidwe - serological analysis ndi chithandizo chisanafike cha mankhwala omwe atchulidwa ma antibodies.
Gwiritsirani mankhwala okhwima
Ngati borreliosis imapezeka, mankhwalawa, choyamba, ndikutenga antibiotics, komwe Borrelia amamvetsera. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri ndi ochiritsidwa kuchipatala, ndipo pakakhala zochepa, mankhwala amatha pokhapokha. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa matenda, ayenera kuganizira mawonetseredwe a kachipatala, omwe magulu a mankhwalawa angathe kuuzidwa:
- mankhwala osakanikirana ndi otsekemera (indomethacin, naproxen);
- analgesics (Baralgin, Maxigana);
- glucocorticosteroids (Prednisolone);
- mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Cavinton, Trental);
- antihistamines (Claritin, Suprastin);
- antioxidants (Solcoseryl, Actovegin);
- Zimathandiza kuti thupi liziyenda bwino (Prozerin, Oksazil);
- diuretics (Furosemide);
- mankhwala ochotsera mankhwala (Atoxil, Albumin), ndi zina zotero.
Njira zopanda mankhwala zimalimbikitsidwanso:
- kumwa kwakukulu;
- Njira zochizira matenda (phonophoresis, UV irradiation, magnetotherapy);
- hydrotherapy;
- kusamba;
- zochizira masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Borreliosis - mankhwala opatsirana ndi maantibayotiki
Mmene mungachiritse matenda a Lyme ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo, malinga ndi chiwopsezo chowatenga, pa mlingo uti, kwa nthawi yaitali bwanji, akudziwika ndi siteji ya matenda ndi zizindikiro zazikulu. Kawirikawiri, chithandizo cha matenda a Lyme chimafuna masabata 2-4, ndipo mankhwala otero akhoza kuuzidwa:
- Tetracycline, Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Azithromycin - pa siteji yanga ya matenda ndi ziwonetsero za khungu;
- Doxycycline, Ceftriaxone, Benzylpenicillin, Levomycetin - ndi zizindikiro za neurologic;
- Ceftriaxone, Penicillin G, Doxycycline, Amoxicillin - ali ndi zizindikiro za mtima ndi kuwonongeka.
Matenda a Lyme - zotsatira
Ngati palibe mankhwala oyenera nthawi yake, zotsatira za borreliosis zingakhale motere:
- kusintha kosakanikirana kotere;
- kupunduka;
- chisokonezo cha myocardium;
- kusowa kumva, kuona;
- mitsempha pamalo a kuluma;
- matenda a maganizo, ndi zina zotero.
Kuteteza borreliosis
Mpaka pano, matenda a Lyme sangathe kupezedwa kudzera mwa katemera. Choncho, kupewa matenda a Lyme kumachitika pochepetsa chiopsezo chotenga nkhupakupa thupi, lomwe limatsimikiziridwa ndi:
- kuvala zovala zowala zomwe zimaphimba thupi momwe zingathere, pakulowa chikhalidwe;
- pogwiritsa ntchito nkhupakupa zotsitsimula;
- kuyendera kavalidwe ka zovala ndi thupi kuti pakhale nkhupakupa.
Borreliosis - post-bite prophylaxis
Kuti nthendayi borreliosis sinayambe pambuyo pa nkhuku kuluma, ziyenera kukhala:
- Pewani nkhuku pang'ono , perekani kuluma ndi mankhwala a ayodini;
- Fufuzani uphungu wamankhwala;
- Malinga ndi ndondomeko ya dokotala, pasanathe tsiku lachisanu pambuyo pake, kulandira mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumachitika (nthawi zambiri kudzera mwa Doxycycline kapena Ceftriaxone).
Kodi mungatani kuti muchotse tiyiyi molondola?