Kuyankhulana ndi kuyankhulana mu maganizo - zofunikira ndi mitundu

Kuyankhulana ndi chinthu chofunikira kuti munthu apange bwino mdziko. Kuyanjana koyamba kumachitika m'banja la makolo, kumene mwana amapeza kudziyesa yekha, khalidwe lake ndi achibale, amaphunzira kuŵerenga maganizo ndi malingaliro - chifukwa cha izi, njira zimakhazikitsidwa kuti zithe kugwirizana ndi anthu.

Kodi kugwirizana ndi chiyani?

George G. Mead - katswiri wa chikhalidwe cha anthu a ku America ndi filosofi anafotokoza lingaliro la kugwirizana pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1960. Mead ankakhulupirira kuti munthu mmodzi amamvetsetsa wina, ndikofunika kumvetsa zomwe amachita, zomwe amachita. Kuyanjana ndi kugwirizana pakati pa anthu, kuphatikizapo kuthandizana pazochitika zolimbirana. Pomwe mgwirizano ukupezeka:

• kusinthana ndi zochitika, malingaliro;
• kupambana kwa kumvetsetsa;
• kumanga njira imodzi yokonzekera kapena njira;
• kukhala wodzipereka pa malo (udindo) wa mnzanuyo (onani zochitika pamaso mwa wina);
• ngati sangagwirizanane, kutsutsana ndi mpikisano.

Kuyanjana pakati pa anthu

Kuyanjana ndi anthu ndi kugwirizana kwa anthu, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono (banja, abwenzi, ogwira ntchito limodzi) ndi mlingo waukulu (chikhalidwe ndi gulu lonse) ndipo zimaphatikizapo kusinthanitsa zizindikiro, zochitika, ndi zochitika zothandiza. Chofunika cha mgwirizanowu ndi kuyankhulana pakati pa anthu ndipo kumamangidwa pamaziko a zochitika za aliyense payekha, mndandanda wa khalidwe, kutsutsana komwe kumabwera panthawi yolumikizana. Pitirim Sorokin (katswiri wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu) adatchula mfundo zingapo zolimba pochita chiyanjano:

1. Kuti muyanjane, anthu oposa awiri amafunika.
2. Panthawi yolankhulana, chidwi chimaperekedwa kwa chirichonse: manja, nkhope, zochita - izi zimamuthandiza kumva bwino.
3. Malingaliro, malingaliro, malingaliro ayenera kugwirizanitsa ndi onse omwe ali nawo muzokambirana.

Kugwirizana mu Psychology

Chitsanzo choyamba choyankhulana ndi anthu kwa munthu ndi banja. Mkwatibwi, mukakumana ndi zochitika zogonana, "I" mwanayo akuyamba. Ubwino umapangidwa kudzera mu ndende ya momwe anthu amadzionera nokha ndi makhalidwe omwe amachitidwa chifukwa cha zomwe akuchita. Kuyankhulana mu maganizo ndi lingaliro lochokera m'maganizo a D.Mid ndi chiphunzitso chake cha "kugwirizanitsa" komwekukuchokera ku chikhalidwe cha khalidwe. Katswiri wa chikhalidwe cha anthu adalimbikitsa kwambiri kusinthanitsa zizindikiro (manja, maonekedwe, nkhope ya nkhope) pakati pa maphwando ogwirizana.

Mitundu Yogwirizana

Muzochita zodziphatikizana, anthu akuyang'anirana wina ndi mzake ndi kuyanjana kwabwino kumawonetsa "kufunika" kwakukulu kwa wina monga munthu. Zopanda ntchito - phunziro lililonse mukulankhulana limakonzedwa yekha payekha ndikuyesera kumvetsa, kumverera lina. Kugwirizanitsa kopindulitsa ndi mgwirizano ndizogwirizana ndi zochitikazi. Mitundu yothandizira ikhoza kugawidwa molingana ndi mtundu wa zotsatira: mawu ndi osalankhula.

Kuyankhulana kwa mawu kumaphatikizapo njira:

1. Chikoka (kulankhula, mawu a mawu, kulankhula momveka bwino).
2. Tumizani, kusinthana kwa chidziwitso, chidziwitso.
3. Zotsatira za chidziwitso chomwe analandira (mawu a maganizo kapena chiyanjano, maganizo).

Kuyankhula kosagwirizana (osati mawu) kumayambitsidwa ndi kayendedwe ka chilankhulo - poyandikira:

1. Nthawi iliyonse yosonyezedwa ndi wokondedwayo: kutseguka, kutsekemera-kuthamanga.
2. Udindo mu danga ndikutenga gawo (kuika zikalata, zinthu zozungulira tebulo) kapena kugwiritsa ntchito malo osachepera.
3. Kusintha ndi ma synchronism a wokondedwa kuti aziyanjana mu manja, mawonekedwe, nkhope za thupi.

Kuyanjana ndi kuyankhulana

Kuyankhulana monga mgwirizano uli ndi maphunziro, kukhazikitsa, kuyesa ntchito ndi kulola anthu kukonzekera ntchito zawo pamodzi ndi kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo. Kulankhulana kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuyanjana, ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zake pamodzi ndi lingaliro (lingaliro) ndikudalira njira zofanana (mawu, osalankhula) pokambirana. Kusiyana pakati pa kulankhulana ndi kuyanjana:

1. Wogwirizanitsa sangakhale munthu yekha, komanso azinthu zofalitsa, chizindikiro chilichonse cha bukhu.
2. Cholinga cha kulankhulana ndi kutumiza uthenga, popanda kulandira malingaliro (malingaliro, malingaliro a ena sangaganizidwe)

Kuyanjana ndi kusokoneza

Kuyankhulana poyankhulana nthawi zonse kumagwirizana wina ndi mzake. Chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwachinsinsi, munthu amasintha, amapindula ndi matanthawuzo. Kaŵirikaŵiri, pakulankhulana sangathe kuchita popanda kuchitidwa mwano. M'dziko lamakono, njira zowonongolera , monga chida chothandiza, zimakhala zofala mu bizinesi, malonda ogula. Kuponderezedwa, mosiyana ndi kuyanjana kumasonyeza:

• kulamulira kobisika kwa munthu kutsutsana ndi chifuniro chake (lingaliro, chitsogozo cha galimoto);
• kumayambitsa wokondedwa, wogwirizanitsa ndi munthu wodalirika (kusewera pa mantha, kudziimba mlandu kapena zikhumbo)
• kugwiritsidwa ntchito podzitukumula ndi kutulutsa ulemu mukulankhula.