Kuwonjezera pa maluwa ndi mphindi yofunikira kwambiri mmoyo wa maluwa okongola awa, ngati sapereka zinthu zokwanira, padzakhala kuchepa kwa kukula ndi maluwa, kutayika kwa maonekedwe okongoletsera, zomera zidzayamba kuphulika. Pali feteleza zosiyanasiyana, zomwe angagwiritse ntchito, pofuna kudyetsa tchire.
Kupaka zovala za maluwa - chifukwa chiyani nkofunikira?
Kukula maluwa - ntchito si yosavuta, maluwa ndi chifuwa chachikulu, sikuti aliyense adzapirira. Chinthu chimodzi mwazimene zimasamalidwa ndi kudyetsa, zomwe ziyenera kuperekedwa moyenera, malinga ndi nyengo ndi kukula, kuti adziwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya feteleza. Podziwa kuti bwino kudyetsa maluwa m'nyengo ya chilimwe kapena nthawi ya autumn, mukhoza kukonzekera mitundu yambiri ya feteleza (organic and mineralized complexes) zomwe zimakhudza kukula ndi kukula kwathunthu kwa mbeuyo m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
- nayitrogeni - imathandizira kukula kwa masamba ndi mphukira;
- phosphorus - amalimbikitsa maluwa ambiri ndi osavuta wintering;
- Potaziyamu, chitsulo - idzagwira madzi, kukana matenda;
- Zowonetsera zinthu - kulimbikitsa duwa;
- zamoyo - "kudyetsa" chitsamba ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zothandiza.
Kodi mungadyetse bwanji maluwa?
Kupaka zovala za maluwa, monga maluwa onse, zimapezeka m'miyezi ingapo pachaka. Pambuyo kasupe chitetezo kudulira, m'pofunika kulengeza mu nthaka nayitrogeni ndi organic feteleza kwa maluwa. Ntchito yachilimwe yogwiritsa ntchito feteleza zosiyanasiyana imapanga katatu:
- mu June, pakuika masamba;
- Mu July, mutapita maluwa, kuti mukhale ndi zomera zolema;
- mu August, kuti abweretse ndi kusinthanitsa mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe zimachitika.
Mu yophukira mu September, m'pofunika kupanga zina feteleza za maluwa pogwiritsa ntchito superphosphate , yomwe ikhoza kuphulika pang'onopang'ono ndi kugwirizanitsa ndi zomera nthawi yonse yozizira. Zidzathandizira kulimbikitsa maluwawo asanafike potaziyamu yomwe imabwera, yomwe imayambidwa mwamsanga ndi zomera. Koma kuyambika kwa nayitrojeni mu kugwa sikuli kovomerezeka, chifukwa kumadzetsa kukula kwakukulu, ndipo salola kuti chomera chibwezeretsedwe mu nthawi ya mpumulo.
Spring pamwamba kuvala kwa maluwa
Maluwa ambiri a duwa ndi maloto a alimi onse, chifukwa dzikoli liyenera kukhala lachonde, ndipo feteleza anawonjezerapo asanayambe kugwedeza. Mu kasupe, panthawi yobzala maluwa pansi pa mitsuko yophika, tsitsani utomoni wa masentimita asanu ndi asanu. Prick mbande yokonzekera masabata awiri musanadzala ndi kusakaniza dziko lapansi, superphosphate, potaziyamu mchere ndi humus. Feteleza wa maluwa mu kasupe ukhoza kupangidwa mu April-May, ntchito imeneyi cholinga nitrate, nayitrogeni, phosphorous, urea , organic. Pansi pa dzenje, jambulani phokoso, lomwe limayikidwa ndi mullein wowola, womwe ndi wokongola kwambiri wokongoletsera maluwa.
Feteleza maluwa m'chilimwe
Kupaka zovala zamaluwa pamwezi woyamba wa chilimwe, panthawi yopanga masamba, zimapangidwa ndi zitowe za nkhuku, mullein kapena feteleza wobiriwira, okonzedwa ngati njira zothetsera (mu mawonekedwe owuma angathe kutentha mizu ya zomera). Organic idzakopera ming'oma, kumasula nthaka. Muyezo wa feteleza wa maluwa m'nyengo ya chilimwe, mu July, pamene zomera zatha ndi kuzidula, zimafunika ndi phosphorous kapena potaziyamu ambiri, kotero kuti mugwiritse ntchito malonda ogula feteleza omwe amagulidwa. Mu madzulo ofunda, makamaka mvula ikadutsa pamatenda apadera.
Kodi mungadyetse bwanji maluwa kuti akule?
Kuti maluwawo sanathenso kumera, akukondwera ndi maluwa ochulukirapo, amafunikira feteleza pachaka. Kusakhala kwa zinthu zilizonse kungayambitse kukula kosauka ndi kutayika kwa maonekedwe okongoletsera. Kudziwa momwe mungadyetse maluwa m'chaka cha kukula, kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yabwino ya feteleza, kumatsatira mfundo za ntchito yawo yoyenera m'nthaka, mukhoza kupeza chomera chokongola, chokongola.
Chifukwa cha kukula kwa maluwa, makulidwe akuluakulu komanso masamba, nayitrojeni imafunika, imayambira mu kasupe ndi kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Pofuna kuti duwa limakula bwino, mizu ikukula, mizu imalimba, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu zimafunika. Malamulo akuluakulu akamagwiritsira ntchito feteleza awa sikuti awonongeke, zowonjezera izi zingayambitse kutayika kwa masamba, kutha kwa chitukuko ndi kukula kwa mbewu.
Kodi mungadyetse bwanji duwa mutabzala?
Bzalidwa mu maluwa a masika, mu nthaka yowonongeka bwino, yokhala ndi feteleza, simukusowa chilimwe ndi nthawi yopuma. M'chaka choyamba, amafunika kupatsidwa mwayi wokhala ndi mizu ndi kukula. Pambuyo pozindikira kuti zomera zimakula bwino, mphukira zawo zimawongolera, masamba amasanduka chikasu, n'zotheka kuthandizira maluwawo pogwiritsa ntchito mchere wambiri, phosphoric potassium feteleza kapena organic.
Kuphika mphesa mutabzala m'dzinja, kukonzekera nyengo yozizizira, kumapezeka pogwiritsira ntchito feteleza zomwe ziwathandize: kudziteteza ku matenda, kulimbitsa nkhuni, ndi kulimbikitsa kukula. Kwa zolinga izi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito
- potaziyamu (sulphate kapena kloride), calimagnesium;
- superphosphate yosavuta kapena iwiri;
- Calcium (yomwe ili mu phulusa, phulusa la laimu, ufa wa dolomite, choko).
Top kuvala kwa maluwa pa budding
Kwa maluwa, kudya nthawi yake, yokhala ndi zinthu zosankhidwa bwino, n'kofunika kwambiri. Mndandanda wa zomwe mungadyetse maluwa panthawi yamapiri ndi pambuyo pake, zimaphatikizapo njira zothandiza, zochokera potaziyamu:
- nitrate;
- mchere wa potaziyamu;
- potaziyamu chloride;
- sulfate ya potaziyamu.
Pakutha, kusowa kwa potaziyamu kungayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana kapena maluwa osauka. Panthawiyi, musagwiritse ntchito feteleza omwe ali ndi feteleza, ndipo izi zidzangowonjezera kukula kwa maluwa ndi kuzungulira, koma osati kuwonjezeka kwa masamba. Kuvala bwino pamwamba pa nthawiyi kudzakhala ngati kulowetsedwa kwa nkhuku manyowa (0,7-1 lita imodzi mwa kulowetsedwa mu 9-10 malita a madzi) kapena kuwawaza kuzungulira nkhuni phulusa.
Kodi kudyetsa maluwa maluwa?
Kuti maluwa apange maluwa ambiri, amalima odziwa maluwa amalangizidwa kuti azitha kukhala ndi mgwirizano pakati pa feteleza (mineral ndi organic) osasankha mtundu umodzi wa mitundu iyi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya feteleza. Kupaka zovala za maluwa pa nthawi ya maluwa sikofunikira nthawi zonse, pambali imeneyi ntchito yofunikira imasewera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera ndi njira ya munthu payekha, pali malo oyesera apa.
Yabwino feteleza ya maluwa pa maluwa, komanso nthawi ina iliyonse, ndi manyowa. Kukula ndi maluwa a maluwa kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda a zitsamba ndi kuwonjezera peat, kompositi wabwino, amatumizira maluwa ndi zakudya zowonjezera bwino, kuchititsa nthaka ndi humus, kukonzanso maonekedwe ake. Organic imapanga chimbudzi cha mchere, choncho njira yabwino ndi kuyanjana.
Kodi mungadyetse bwanji maluwa maluwa ambiri?
Nthawi zosiyana za chaka, zomera zimadalira zakudya zosiyana, choncho momwe angadyetse maluwa kumapeto kwa maluwa okongola ayenera kuthandizidwa molingana ndi kukula kwake. Mu kasupe, duwa imafuna kudyetsa chitukuko chatsopano cha mphukira zatsopano, kulimbikitsa mizu, ndi chifukwa chake, maluwa abwino. Zabwino kwambiri pazinthu izi ndizofunikira phosphorous (pa izo zimadalira maluwa angati omwe amawonekera pa chitsamba), njira yabwino idzakhala yogwirizana ndi potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni.
Kupaka pamwamba kwa maluwa a maluwa - njira
Kusankha feteleza kwa maluwa a maluwa ndi kwakukulu, pali njira ziwiri zomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito: root rootzing ndi foliar kuvala. Pofuna kumvetsetsa mtundu wa maluwa opangira feteleza, gwiritsani ntchito njira ziwiri zonsezi, ndikuyang'ana zotsatira zake, zimadziwonetsera palokha, malingana ndi kukula komanso zosiyana siyana. Pogwiritsa ntchito mizu yapamwamba, kuthirira madzi ndi madzi pokhapokha mvula itatha kapena kuthirira, ngati dothi liri lonyowa, kuti asatenthe mizu ya maluwa. Kudyetsa nkhuku kumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kupopera mbewu pa nyengo yowonongeka kwambiri, kotero kuti zolembazo zidzakhalapo nthawi yayitali pa zomera.
Feteleza maluwa ndi yisiti
Kuti maluwa apange "ngati yisiti," gwiritsani ntchito yisiti yothetsera feteleza ndikuthandizira mu April-May, komanso kuyambira theka lachiwiri la June mutatha maluwa. Musanayambe kudyetsa maluwa ndi yisiti, onetsetsani kuti nthaka yayamba kutentha, mu nthaka yozizira, bowa sichidzayamba. Phindu la yisiti lidzakhala pazinthu zotsatirazi:
- kulimbikitsa kukula;
- onetsetsani kuti mapangidwe a mizu yamphamvu, yathanzi;
- Kuonetsetsa kuti miyendo yofulumira kwambiri ikafika pakutha;
- kuchepetsa nthendayi ya matenda.
Chakudya feteleza ndi njira yoyamba monga feteleza chodzala cuttings wa maluwa panja. Kuti amadzutse cuttings, zilowerere iwo yisiti njira, ndipo pokhapo pitirizani kubzala. Chakudya chimakhudza kwambiri zomera za maluwa, koma pali ngozi yowonjezera zomera. Pofuna kupewa kutsekemera kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza panthawi yopatsira, komanso nthawi zingapo m'chilimwe.
Kodi kudyetsa maluwa ndi mullein?
Mullein - ndi feteleza wambiri, popeza ili ndi zovuta zonse za mchere zomwe zimayenera kukula maluwa:
- nitrogen;
- phosphorus;
- potaziyamu;
- calcium;
- magnesiamu;
- zitsulo;
- mkuwa.
Mulled mullein ndi yabwino kwambiri monga feteleza ya masika, imatha kulowera m'nthaka, kukonzekera kubzala zomera kapena zitsime (mu sitimayi yochepetsedwa). Mwatsopano mullein amabweretsa ku nthaka kugwa, pamene akumba, kotero kuti mpaka masika imatuluka (kuvunda) ndipo sichiwotcha mizu ya maluwa. Chomera feteleza choyamba cha maluwa ndi mullein chikhoza kuchitika mutatha kudulira mitengo ya masika, ndiye - maluwa asanayambe, komanso ena kumayambiriro kwa August. Pambuyo pa njira zoterezi, pamtunda umatuluka, kuteteza mizu kupuma, kumasula pamodzi ndi nthaka.
Kodi mungadyetse bwanji maluwa ndi nkhuku zowopsa?
Kufunsa ngati n'zotheka kudyetsa maluwa ndi nkhuku zowonongeka, ndikofunika kudziwa kuti fetelezayi ndi yatsopano komanso yoopsa ndipo imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito moyenera, chomeracho sichitha, ndipo phindu lake ndi lodziwika bwino. Pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza, kukula kwa tchire kumathamanga kwambiri, masamba amakula, maluwa amawoneka 2-3 nthawi pa nyengo.
Nthawi yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito nkhuku manyowa monga humus, ndi udzu wambiri kapena masamba, ndi yophukira. Kusudzulana nkhuku zinyalala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya maluwa, koma osaposa katatu pa nyengo. Zotsatira za feterezazi zimawonekera patatha masiku angapo, zitatha kulowera nthaka, zomera zimayamba kukula ndi kukula. Njira yothetsera madziyi imapangidwa pa mlingo wa 1:15 (kwambiri yowonjezera ikhoza kuyaka mizu ya maluwa), imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pansi pa mizu, m'dziko lapansi lopanda madzi.
Kodi kudyetsa maluwa ndi phulusa?
Phulusa ndi "zowonjezera chakudya" kwa maluwa, pokhala ndi ma multifunctional, izo zidzathandiza pa chitukuko ndi kukula kwa zomera komanso polimbana ndi tizirombo. Makamaka bwino alternation ya kudya ndi sitimadzipereka phulusa (1 galasi pa 10 malita a madzi) ndi organic (zitosi mbalame, mullein), ntchito phulusa kuphatikizapo kompositi kapena mankhwala decoction. Kupereka uphungu pa zomwe mungadyetse duwa m'munda, mutha kuyang'ana zomwe zinachitikira makolo athu, ankagwiritsa ntchito manyowa, kompositi, nkhuni ndi phulusa la fupa. Phulusa limafotokoza zonse zomwe zili mmenemo, zikhale bwino mu kasupe mukamabzala, mu kugwa kumatsuka.
Kupaka zovala za maluwa ndi ammonia
Ammonia amadyetsa bwino maluwa, chifukwa cha mkulu wa nayitrogeni, chofunikira kwa zomera, ngati chakudya cha anthu. Kudyetsa kotere nthawi zambiri ndi imodzi mwa yabwino kwambiri, ngakhale yopangidwa ndi organic. Mu mawonekedwe a feteleza, njira yothetsera imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe ikhoza kuchitidwa powonjezera 25 ml ya ammonia kuti idye chakudya kapena 1 tsp mpaka 10 malita a madzi. madzi okwanira 1 litre kuti apange zovala zapamwamba, zomwe zimapangidwa m'mawa kwambiri, madzulo, madzulo.
Chomera chabwino kwambiri cha feteleza, chomwe chimadalirika ndi alimi odziwa maluĊµa, akadali manyowa kapena humus, omwe ali othandiza komanso ogwira mtima atsimikizira kuti ali ndi zakudya zowonjezera, ali othandiza komanso abwino. Ammonia amadziwikanso kuti ndi feteleza yophweka, yotsika mtengo komanso yotsika mtengo yomwe imalimbikitsa kukula, chitetezo ndi maluwa a duwa.