Nkhaka pawindo - njira zogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri

Kukula nkhaka pawindo kumakhala kotheka. Pokhala zomera zomwe zimakhala ngati mthunzi wowala, amamva bwino pa mawindo ndi mabanki, akuphuka ndi kubereka zipatso. Imeneyi ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri komanso ngakhale tsiku lachikondwerero cha Chaka chatsopano mungadye masamba omwe mumakula pakhomo panu. Kuti mupeze mbewu, zikhalidwe zingapo ziyenera kuwonedwa.

Kodi nkhaka zikukula pawindo?

Kusankha Mbewu ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukula masamba. Pamene kukula nkhaka pawindo kuchokera ku zosiyanasiyana kumadalira makamaka pa kuchuluka kwa fruiting. Pofuna kubzala mbeu muyenera kukhala ndi mungu wofiira, mitundu yoyamba yakucha. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yoweta ziweto:

1. Schedrik ndi nkhaka yakucha. Bwerani tsiku la 45, kuchokera ku chitsamba mungapeze zidutswa 20 kutalika kwa 12-14 cm;
2. Masha F1 - amatha masiku 40. Kulima kumalolera, pa nthambi imabala 5-7 masamba;
3. Kutchuka - nkhaka zoyamba kucha, kumapindulitsa kwa nthawi yaitali;
4. Khrustik - posachedwa kuyimba, mitundu yobala zipatso, zipatso zipse 7 zidutswa pa nthambi, mosamala, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa masamba 40. Liana ndi yaitali, ikhoza kutsegulidwa pazenera.

Kodi mungakonde bwanji nkhaka pawindo?

Palibe malire oti afesa mbewu kuti azikula nkhaka pawindo kapena khonde. Koma kwa fruiting wolemera, kuyambira November mpaka February, iwo amaperekedwa ndi kuunikira kwina, monga mvula kunja. Kukula nkhaka pakhomo pawindo ndi zabwino ngati ali ndi maola 12. Mipangidzo ndi yabwino kuti ikhale yosasunthika kuti izitha kukula ndikukwera. Zomera zimayikidwa pawindo kapena khonde, sizowonjezeka kuti tigwiritse ntchito mapiri oyang'ana kumpoto chifukwa chokula masamba - nthambi zidzatambasulidwa ndipo zidzakhala zofooka.

Kodi mungabzala bwanji nkhaka kunyumba pawindo?

Mbewu imabzalidwa musanafese, kotero kuti amawombera posachedwa. Kuti achite izi, iwo atakulungidwa mu cheesecloth ndipo nthawi zina amapopedwa. Pa kutentha kwa madigiri 25-30 mu masiku 2-3 pa iwo mizu yoyera imadulidwa. Kubzala nkhaka pawindo:

1. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito makapu apulasitiki kuti mubzala mbewu. Mwa kukulitsa mbewu mwa iwo ndi masentimita 2 ndi kuwaphimba iwo ndi filimu, n'zosavuta kupeza mbande kuti zitsatidwe kubzala mu chidebe chokwanira;
2. Mbande kuwonekera pambuyo masiku 2-3. Pambuyo pa masamba 3-4 amapangidwa pa mphukira, iwo akhoza kubzalidwa mu chotengera chachikulu;
3. Kuti mukhale ndi kulima kwina, miphika ndi mabowo a ngalande adzafunika. Pansi pansi pala njerwa kapena miyala yakuda yomwe ili ndi masentimita awiri, ndiye nthaka yosakaniza. Chomera chimodzi chimafuna 5 kg. gawo lapansi;
4. Tsiku la dziko lisanadze kubzala bwino;
5. Mbeuzo zimayikidwa bwino mu mphika ndi chotupa chadothi;
6. Amaloledwa kuika mbewuzo pamalo okhazikika m'mabokosi akuluakulu kapena miphika ndikuziphimba ndi filimuyi. Cellophane imachotsedwa pambuyo pakuwonekera. Ndi bwino kukhazikitsa bokosi pamatumba, ikani magawo awiri pansi pake kuti muwone bwino mpweya;
7. Ndikofunika kuganizira kuti nkhaka pawindo sizimalekerera ma drafts - iwo amawapha;
8. Nkhumba 70 cm mu msinkhu zimagwedezeka pansi, kapena zingwe zikukwera mmwamba, ndiye kukula kwa nthambi kudzamangirizidwa kwa iwo. Zothandizira zidzakuthandizira kuwonjezera malo a kuwala kwa chomera. Kupukuta kumawonjezera zokolola ndikukongoletsa bwino zenera.

Kulima nkhaka pawindo - dothi

Ndalama zimaperekedwa ku nthaka. N'zosavuta kuphika nokha. Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungasakanizire:

1. Dziko lachonde, peat ndi humus zimasakanizidwa mu magawo ofanana. Mukhoza kuwonjezera supuni 1. superphosphate , 1 tbsp. choko, galasi la phulusa la nkhuni. Kuchuluka kwake kumaperekedwa kwa makilogalamu 5. nthaka.
2. Peat, utuchi (kapena mchenga), humus, nthaka yachonde imatengedwa mofanana. Onjezani supuni ya nitrofoski ndi tiyi - urea .
3. Amakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito izi kusakaniza, nkhaka amakula pawindo pa chisanu. Amalola masamba kukula popanda feteleza. Pophika, tenga pansi, tchire tating'onoting'ono, mchenga waung'ono, masamba ogwa, gawo la sitolo la mbande. Dothi lachonde limapanga magawo awiri, otsalira zigawozikulu - limodzi ndi limodzi. Gawo la kapu ya nkhuku manyowa, 2 makapu a manyowa owuma, galasi la choko, mazira a eggse ndi phulusa la nkhuni amaikidwanso pamenepo. Zosakaniza zonse zimaphwanyidwa bwino.

Kodi kudyetsa nkhaka pawindo?

Ngati gawolo silinali feteleza poyamba, chovala chokongoletsera cha nkhaka pawindo chimapereka zotsatira zabwino. Maphikidwe angapo:

1. Supuni ya tiyi ya urea imagwiritsidwa ntchito 3 malita a madzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makapu 1-2 a feteleza pansi pa chomera nthawi ziwiri ndi kamodzi pa sabata, kuyambira masiku 14 pambuyo pa mphukira.
2. Madzi omwewo ndi 2 tsp. nitrofoski. Amapatsidwa pa galasi yothetsera vuto pansi pa chitsamba milungu iwiri iliyonse ndi maonekedwe a zipatso zoyamba.

Kodi mungamwetse nkhaka pawindo?

Chomeracho ndi chosakaniza, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi njira yoyesera. Nkhaka pawindo zimasowa kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku, koma osati olimba. Sungani chitsamba bwino m'mawa. Kuthirira ndi kosavuta, ngati dothi liri lonyowa pang'ono, koma sikunyowa. Ngati madzi sali okwanira, nkhaka pawindo idzauma, zowonjezereka zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu. Masamba achikasu ndi chizindikiro cha kuthirira madzi okwanira.

Kodi mungakonde bwanji nkhaka pawindo?

Kuwunikira funso la momwe angakwirire nkhaka pawindo pa nyumba, olima ndiwo omwe amadziwa bwino zamasamba amanyalanyaza kwambiri kupopera mbewu. Nthawi yoyamba imachitika pamtunda wa masamba 3-4 pa tsinde. Izi zimathandiza kuti mbali yatsopano iwonongeke kuchokera ku zitsulo za m'mphepete mwa mbale pamphesa, kotero chitsamba chimapangidwa. Siyani 2-3 mitsempha, yomwe imatsanso masamba 10. Pano ndi kofunika kuti muyang'ane mlingo umene tsinde uli ndi zakudya zokwanira kuti apange zipatso.

Nkhaka matenda pawindo

Ngati mlimiyo adziwona kuti pali chinachake chosasangalatsa ndi chitsamba, muyenera kudziwa chifukwa chake ndikuchita chithandizo. Zomwe zingayambitse matenda:

• kuthirira madzi ozizira;
• nthaka yatha.

Nkhaka pawindo ndi matenda akulu:

1. powdery mildew , imayambitsa bowa. Masambawo ali ndi maluwa oyera. Mabala okhudzidwa amachotsedwa, nthaka imatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda Readzol , Topsin;
2. (anthracnose), causative agent ndi bowa, zimakhudza masamba ndi zipatso, zimakhala ndi mabala a bulauni. Chomera chotero sichichiritsidwa, chimatayidwa kutali. Mitengo yotsalayo imayambitsidwa ndi Bordeaux kusakaniza kuti zisawonongeke;
3. zovunda zoyera, zimayambira ndi masamba akuphulika phulusa, ndiye ntchentche. Mbali zopatsirana ziyenera kukonzedwa ndi mkuwa sulphate kapena laimu.

Pofuna kuti asakhale ndi matenda, n'zotheka kuchita mankhwala. Musanabzala m'nthaka, ndibwino kuti muzitha kuthira mbewuzo mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate. Kusakaniza kotereku kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyikira mozemba gawo lokha musanabzala mbewu kapena mbande. Panthawi yokula, chipatsocho chingapulitsidwe ndi kukonzekera "Fitosporin". Chofunikira kwambiri ndi kulenga kwa microclimate yabwino ndi kusowa kwa chinyezi chakuda cha dothi.