Kusokonezeka maganizo m'maganizo - zifukwa ndi zizindikiro

Munthu aliyense wakhala ndikumverera kwachilendo kamodzi pa moyo wake, pamene chidziwitso chatsopano sichigwirizana ndi lingaliro ndi chidziwitso za izo, analandira kale. Mu 1944, Fritz Haider ndiye anali woyamba kufotokoza za chidziwitso cha dissonance, ndipo Leon Festinger mu 1957 anayamba chiphunzitso chake.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa - ndi chiyani?

Ataphunzira mfundo zazikuluzikulu za chiphunzitsocho, akatswiri a maganizo afika pozindikira kuti kusokonezeka maganizo ndi kusokonezeka maganizo chifukwa cha kusiyana pakati pa malingaliro, malingaliro ndi zatsopano. Pazifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa mkangano , zolingazi ndi mbali zina za kusamvera zikutsogolera:

Kusadziwa maganizo - psychology

Munthu aliyense amapeza zinthu zina pa nthawi inayake. Komabe, kugonjetsa nthawi, amakakamizika kugwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi zomwe zilipo kale, zomwe sizigwirizana ndi zomwe adapeza kale. Izi zimayambitsa kusokonezeka maganizo m'maganizo, chifukwa chotsitsimutsa chomwe chili chofunika kuti mupewe kusagwirizana. Kusokonezeka maganizo m'maganizo - izi zikutanthawuza kuyesera kufotokoza chifukwa cha zochita za munthu, zochita zake m'maganizo osiyanasiyana.

Zifukwa za chidziwitso cha dissonance

Chodabwitsa cha kusamvetsetsa kwa dissonance kumawoneka pa zifukwa zingapo. Pazifukwa zowonongeka kwambiri, akatswiri a zamaganizo ndi awa:

Kuzindikira malingaliro - zizindikiro

Mkhalidwe wa chidziwitso dissonance ukhoza kudziwonetsera wokha m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ambiri mwa zizindikiro zoyamba zimawonekera pa ntchito. Zovuta zochita ubongo, ndi zinthu zomwe zimafuna kusanthula, zimatha kutuluka. Zatsopano zimadziwika ndi vuto lalikulu, ndipo kuthetsa ndi vuto. M'kupita kwa nthawi, ntchito yolankhulidwe ikhoza kusokonezeka, pamene zimakhala zovuta kuti munthu apange lingaliro, kutenga mawu olondola ndi kungowatchula.

Kusokonezeka maganizo kumayambitsa kukumbukira. Zomwe zikuchitika posachedwapa zachotsedwa poyamba. Alamu yotsatira ndiyo kutha kwa kukumbukira kuyambira ubwana ndi ubwana. Zosagwirizane, komabe, ziyenera kuganiziridwa - kusowa kwa kulingalira . Zimakhala zovuta kuti munthu amvetse tanthauzo la zokambirana, nthawi zonse akufunsanso kubwereza ziganizo kapena zosiyana. Zizindikiro zonsezi zimasonyeza kufunikira kokambirana ndi katswiri wa zamagulu.

Zosamvetsetseka zamoyo - mitundu

Akatswiri ambiri amalingaliro amaganizo amakhulupirira kuti malingaliro si maganizo aumphawi, koma yankho la thupi la munthu kumalo enaake. Pali lingaliro lomwe lingaliro lachidziwitso-kusokonezeka maganizo kumatanthauzidwa ngati dziko lokhala ndi maganizo olakwika omwe amapezeka mukalandira uthenga wotsutsana. Kusintha mkhalidwe kudzakuthandizira momwe ziyembekezerekera zidzawonekera.

Kusokonezeka maganizo - mankhwala

Kusokonezeka maganizo kwa umunthu kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kuswa. Mankhwala ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pofuna kukonza ndi kuthetsa vuto la ubongo mu ubongo. Pofuna kuchiza matendawa, kusintha ndi kubwezeretsa ntchito zamaganizo, akatswiri amalemba mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi mavitamini okhudzidwa ndi matendawa. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso m'tsogolomu.

Zosamvetsetsa dissonance - mabuku

Zimakhulupirira kuti bukuli ndiye gwero labwino kwambiri la chidziwitso. Ntchito zambiri zakhala zikufalitsidwa, momwe lingaliro la chisokonezo cha dissonance, kusamvana kwadzidzidzi ndi kusokonezeka (mu Chilatini kumasulira), likufotokozedwa. Zolemba zosiyanasiyana zimatchula mitundu ya maganizo, zomwe zimayambitsa maonekedwe ndi njira zothetsera ena mwa iwo. Mabuku ofufuza a maganizo a anthu ndi awa:

  1. "Fusion of dissonance" Leon Festinger. Bukuli linakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha psychology pa dziko lapansi. Mafunso angapo ofunika awerengedwa ndikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. Mwachitsanzo, lingaliro la kusokonezeka maganizo ndi lingaliro lake, chidziwikiritso cha zochitika zamagulu ndi zamaganizo, njira ndi njira zamaganizo.
  2. "Psychology of influence" Robert Chaldini. Ambiri ogwira ntchito zapakhomo ndi azungu akumadzulo adziwa bwino buku lothandizira kuthetsa mikangano, psychology and management.
  3. "Kusadziwa maganizo" Alina Marchik. Chilichonse chikhale chogwirizana (malingaliro, maganizo, zikhulupiliro) mwinamwake munthuyo ali wosadandaula, ndipo amachotsa njira zosiyanasiyana. Mafilimu atsopano omwe ali ndi zida za apolisi adzayamikiridwa ndi mafani a zithunzithunzi ndi mapuzzles - amadziwika ndi nkhani ndi zochitika. Wolembayo adapereka mwambo, zomwe zingakhale yankho zambiri pamene anthu amawerenga buku. Ndipo anthu otchukawa anachita chiyani?