Maluwa okwera mmwamba ndi chomera chokongoletsera cha mtundu wamakono chomwe chidzalowa bwino mkati mwa munda wamtundu uliwonse, kuwuwonjezera nawo mitundu yowala ndi kukondweretsa mwiniwakeyo maluwa ambiri. Komabe, musanaganizire kukongola kwake konse, muyenera kugwira ntchito mwakhama. Tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino mtundu wa chisamaliro chofunika kuti maluwa akwere kuti akakula bwino ndi pachimake.
Kodi mungachuluke bwanji ndikuzukula zowonjezera?
Kuberekana kwa kukwera mmwamba kungapangidwe ndi zigawo ndi cuttings.
Kulima ndi zigawo zimayamba ndi kusankha kwa mphukira zabwino. Pafupi ndi chitsamba, nkofunika kukumba pulawu, pansi pake yomwe iyenera kumasulidwa bwino ndi yokutidwa ndi humus. Kuwonjezera pa groove mu malo ofunika, mphukira yosankhidwa yayikidwa, yokutidwa ndi dziko lapansi komanso madzi okwanira. Pakati pa kasupe, mphukira idzayamba mizu ndipo idzachotsedwa ku chitsamba chachikulu. Pofuna kuti duwa likhale lolimba komanso lozika mizu, nkofunika kuti musalole kuti maluwawo alowe m'chilimwe choyamba.
Cuttings wa kumamatira maluwa ndi osavuta komanso mofulumira. Pambuyo maluwa maluwa pakati pa tsinde kudula cuttings yaitali 15-20 masentimita ndi 3-4 masamba. Masamba apansi amachotsedwa kwathunthu ndipo cuttings amaikidwa mumthunzi kumbali yakuya masentimita 5-6. Pambuyo pake, maluwawo amakhala abwino kwambiri.
Monga lamulo, kukwera maluwa ndi mizu yopanda kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana kukula zinthu. Chinthu chachikulu, musaiwale kuti nthawi zonse mumasule pansi, chotsani namsongole ndi kumwa madzi.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji dzuŵa?
M'nyengo yozizira, kusamalira kupindika kumakhala kosavuta, koma kuthirira kwambiri, kudulira ndi kudyetsa. Kuthirira chitsamba ndikofunika nthawi mu masiku 8-10, osati kuganiza kuti kuyanika kwa nthaka. Komanso, sitiyenera kuiwala kuti duwa imafuna kudyetsa nthawi ndi nthawi feteleza a organic ndi amchere. Pofuna kulimbikitsa maluwa oonjezera a maluwa, nthambi zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa.
Pakubwera kwa chisanu choyamba, chomeracho chiyenera kuchoka, kuchotsa zothandizira, ndikukoka chikwapu pansi. Ndipo pamene kutentha kumatsikira mpaka -5 ° C, masamba onse achotsedwa ku duwa, komanso kuphulika kapena kuphuka. Zitatha izi, zikwapu zimapotoka, zomangirizidwa ndi twine ndikuponyedwa pansi. Kwa nyengo yozizira, mphukira imadzazidwa ndi masamba owuma, mabokosi a matabwa, filimu kapena zinthu zina zabwino.
Kudulira mitengo yokhala ndi maluwa kuyenera kuchitidwa kawiri pachaka: kumapeto kwa masika - omwe sakhala bwino bwino ayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo m'dzinja - yomwe silingalekerere chisanu. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, m'dzinja kusanayambe, chisanu chiyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi 25-30 masentimita kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzizira.
Kodi mungamangirire bwanji maluwa?
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kukakamira maluwa sikukuyenda pansi, choncho amafuna thandizo linalake. Zikhoza kukhala trellis, arch, pergola, gazebo, ndi zina. Pakuti garter, kuti asawononge tsinde, nkofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopanda kanthu - waya, chingwe, chingwe. Onetsetsani zikwapu zomwe ziyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono, zogwirizana kapena zauzimu, zomwe sizilepheretsa kukula kwa nthambi zowonongeka.
Kukwera maluwa - mavuto ndi matenda
Imodzi mwa mavuto omwe amalimi ambiri amakumana nawo nthawi zambiri ndikumasowa kochepa kapena kosatha kwa maluwa. Chifukwa chake duwa losasunthika silitha pachimake kungakhale nyengo yozizira yowopsya chaka chatha. Komanso, musaiwale kuchepetsa nthambi zowonongeka, chifukwa izi zimachititsa maluwa atsopano.
Vuto lina ndi chikasu cha masamba. Mukawona kuti maluwa anu akukwera amakhala ndi masamba achikasu, ndiye kuti ndi chifukwa chachikulu
Kuwonjezera apo, maluwa ali ndi tizirombo zambiri: nsabwe za m'masamba , nthata zamabulu, mafolosi, tizilombo timadya, thrips. Choncho, m'pofunika kuchita processing wa baka nthawi ndi zokonzekera kukonzekera.
Komanso, sitiyenera kuiwala kuti kukwera maluwa kumakhala ndi matenda ambiri: powdery mildew , nsomba zazinkhanira, mdima wakuda, fusarium, etc. Kulimbana ndi matendawa, pali mankhwala ogwira ntchito omwe sangawononge kokha matendawa, komanso amateteza kutuluka kwazatsopano foci.