Kufesa kaloti kumapeto kwa nthaka - zidule za kubzala mbewu kunyumba

Kukonzekera kufesa kaloti kumapeto kwa nthaka, muyenera kukonzekera zosiyanasiyana za agrotechnical, zomwe simungathe kukula mbewu zambiri zazikulu ndi zokoma. Ndibwino kuyambitsa ntchito m'nyengo yozizira ndi kufunafuna mbewu zabwino ndi feteleza pabedi.

Kufesa kaloti pamalo otseguka

Oyamba alimi wamaluwa amakhulupirira kuti chikhalidwechi chimakhala chosasunthika ku zikhalidwe zomwe zikukula, kotero sikofunika kutsatira malamulo a kubzala kaloti m'chaka. Zochitika zikuwonetsa kuti maganizo osakhala aakulu angakhudze kwambiri zotsatira. Ngati anthu omwe ali ndi maudindo nthawi zonse amalandira zokolola, ndipo mosasamalira, n'zotheka kukula zipatso zachilendo kokha m'zaka zabwino. Zotsatira za kufesa kaloti kumtunda kumunda zimakhudza kusankha malo ndi ubwino wokonzekera nthaka.

Zifukwa zopezera kaloti zosagwirizana:

1. Kukhalitsa kwa zipatso kumabweretsa kuyambika kwa chlorini-munali feteleza.
2. Kumwa kaloti nthawi zambiri kumamera mutabzalidwa mu nthaka yolemera, wodetsedwa ndi miyala ndi zinyalala.
3. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi pamalo otseguka kumabweretsa kukolola kwa mbewu.
4. Owonjezera nayitrogeni amachititsa nthambi zosayenera.
5. Kupukuta kosakwanira kwa zomera kumakhudza kukula kwa chipatso.
6. Ndi kusowa kwa chinyezi, kaloti poyera pansi kumasulidwa kutsogolo mizu ndi kutaya kukoma.

Maganizo a kufesa kaloti pamalo otseguka

Sankhani nthawi yabwino yofesa kaloti ayenera kukhala mosamala, pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito, mbeu zosiyanasiyana, nyengo, nthaka. Mu minda yamagulu, zosankha zingapo zofunika kulima mbeuzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

1. Kulima kwa subzimnium - kumachitika poyera kuyambira 20 Oktoba mpaka pakati pa November. Zokonzeka ku dothi lopanda mchenga loamy pamalo otseguka kumene chipale chofewa chimayambira kumayambiriro kwa nyengo.
2. Kumayambiriro karoti kufesa kumayamba lotseguka mabedi kuyambira m'ma April mpaka oyambirira May. Njirayi idzagwirizana ndi anthu omwe akufuna kulandidwa ndi August mbeu zochepetsera komanso zakusanu.
3. Zomera za chilimwe kumunda - chitani kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa May, motero ndibwino kukula kaloti kwa zizindikiro zosungirako nyengo yozizira.
4. Kufesa kaloti kumayambiriro pakati pa mwezi wa July - mawu awa sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndi nyengo yosavuta, ngati ikufunidwa, kugwa kumadya kaloti wang'ono wambiri.

Kodi kukonzekera karoti mbewu kufesa?

Mbewu za kaloti zimaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala osakanikirana, omwe amawateteza pakusungidwa kwa chinyezi. Izi kawirikawiri zimayambitsa kuphuka kwazomwe zimapangidwira ndikufunika kukonza zochitika za wamaluwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosayenera. Kupanga kaloti katsulo musanafese kumathandiza mazira kuti achoke mu mpumulo, kupanikizika kwapangidwe kumapangitsa kuti ayambe kumera pamtunda. Ndi podzimnih kufesa, njirayi imayambitsa zotsatira za kuzizira, m'katikati nyengo yofunikira nthawi imayenera kulengedwa ndi ife eni.

Stratification ya kaloti:

1. Njira yothandizira kutentha - kumizidwa kwa mbewu yophimbidwa mu thumba lakumapeto, mumadzi otentha ndi kutentha kwa 52 ° C.
2. Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito ndi pafupi mphindi 20.
3. Timatulutsa thumba ndi nyemba ndikuzizizira m'madzi ozizira.
4. Pamapeto pake, m'pofunika kuumitsa mfundozo kuti zisinthe.
5. Onetsetsani kuti muyang'ane kutentha kwa madzi, kutentha kwambiri kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa kumera, ndipo karoti yogwiritsidwa ntchito mosakwanira madzi otentha ndi osagwira ntchito.

Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji nthaka yofesa kaloti mumasika?

Phunzirani zinsinsi zobzala kaloti kumalo otseguka, nthawi zonse muzionetsetsa kuti nthaka ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndikukonzekera malowa pa nyengo yofesa. Mu nthaka yosalala ndi yochepa, mizu imakula bwino, ndipo nthaka ikhoza kupindulidwa mwa kuwonjezera manyowa osakanirira kuti akumbe. Sizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito pus kapena kumwa mankhwala owonjezera a nayitrogeni. Mukhoza kupeza zosalala ndi zowonongeka tizilombo kaloti, zowonongeka ndi nitrates. Samasulani malo otseguka musanafese, makamaka mpaka masentimita 15.

Kuzama kwa kufesa kaloti

Njira yabwino - kufesa mbewuyi pabedi mu mzere wa 4 ndi mtunda wa pakati pa mabedi ozungulira kufika 20 masentimita. Kuya kwa kaloti pamalo otsekera kumapeto kwa kasupe kumadalira maonekedwe a munda wamunda. Ngati mutapitirira ndikukaika mbewuzo mwakuya, ndiye kuti nthawi yowera idzakula kwambiri. M'nthaka yolemera ndi bwino kupanga grooves ndi kuya kwa 1.5 masentimita, mu nthaka yochepa - mpaka 3 masentimita. Pambuyo kufesa, gawo lapansi limagwirizanitsa pang'ono kotero kuti kulowera kwa chinyezi kumawonjezera kubzala.

Njira zofesa kaloti

Anthu a m'nyengo ya chilimwe amayesetsa kupeza njira zovuta za kufesa kaloti, zomwe zingapangitse patsogolo kumera ndikukula kwambiri. Pali zosankha zosangalatsa zomwe zatsimikizira kumbuyo kwawo. Ambiri a iwo amathandizira kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mbeu ndi nthawi yomwe amathera kusamalira mbeu. Taganizirani njira zodziwika kwambiri, momwe mungabzalitse kaloti m'kati mwa nthaka:

1. Kufesa ndi mbewu youma.
2. Kufesa pamalo otseguka kumera kwa masika.
3. Kusakaniza inoculum ndi mchenga wa mtsinje.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito kumapeto kwa zinthu zakutchire.
5. Gwiritsani ntchito matepi a fakitale otseguka ndi mbewu zowonjezera.
6. Kugwiritsa ntchito kumapeto kwa kasupe pamene mukudzala matepi omatira odzipanga okha.
7. Kusakanikirana kufesa kaloti ndi radish, kumapeto kwake kumapsa ndi kuswa kale.
8. Kufesa kaloti m'kati mwa kasupe ndi anyezi-kufesa, komwe kumathandiza pa bedi la chikhalidwe cha njuchi.
9. Kufesa kaloti m'masitala opangidwira opangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu, wowuma, madzi ndi feteleza.
10. Gwiritsani ntchito kasupe wa womanga nyumba.
11. Ndi bwino kupanga nyemba kuchokera ku botolo la pulasitiki, pokonzekera mapepala angapo a kukula kofunikira.

Kufesa kaloti m'maselo a dzira

Chiwerengero ndicho kupeza njira yoyambirira ya kufesa kaloti kumapeto kwa nyengo ndi chithandizo cha osagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga maselo ochokera pansi pa mazira. Poyambirira, tikulimbikitsanso kuti nthaka ikhale yowonjezera phulusa, humus ndi chipolopolo chosweka pansi. Pa nthawi yoyenerera timatulutsa sitima zokonzekera ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito.

Kufesa kaloti mu mazira a dzira:

1. Timayika matayala pamwamba pa bedi lokonzeka, ndikuwakankhira pansi.
2. Ndikofunika kutenga mapepala a pepala, amadzichepetsera ndipo samasokoneza kukula kwa chilimwe.
3. Pansi pa trays ayenera kudula pang'ono ndi mpeni.
4. Lembani matepiwo ndi madzi.
5. Timayika mchere wochepa thupi pansi pa maselo.
6. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zosavuta, koma zigawo zazikuluzikulu zowonjezera bwino zimakhala bwino.
7. Mu selo, timayika mbeu imodzi kapena chitsimikizo chomwe timayika mbewu zingapo, kenako timathyola mphukira zina.
8. Mutatha kufesa, muthetseni matepiwo pamwamba ndi kusakaniza dothi ndi madzi ndi madzi.
9. Njirayi ndi yoyenera kudera laling'ono, imathandiza kupeŵa kuteteza namsongole ndi ziphuphu zazomera.

Kufesa kaloti pa tepi pamalo otseguka

Mbewu pamatepi akugulitsidwa, koma nthawi zambiri amapeza vuto labwino, kotero kuti anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe amapanga chipangizo chotsika mtengo mofulumira kubzala munda m'munda wa chimbudzi. Momwemo, nyuzipepala zinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyamba, zidula m'katikati mwa masentimita 2. Lembani pepala ndi kusakaniza ndi kusakaniza mbeu ndi nthawi ya masentimita 2.5 Kuti tikonze gululi, titha kuchepetsa 1 tsp. wowuma mu kapu yamadzi. Kufesa mbewu za karoti pa tepi imapititsa patsogolo ndondomekoyi ndipo imalepheretsa kubzala kuchokera pa kama pakagwa mvula yamkuntho.

Kufesa kaloti ndi phala

Kwa okonda, zimalimbikitsa kudzala kaloti mu phala wowonjezera monga njira yokondweretsa koma yogwira ntchito yomwe imathandiza kupeza mphukira yunifolomu ndi zokolola zabwino za mbeuyi pamtunda. Ndibwino kuti musakanize radish pamodzi ndi mbewu za karoti, zomwe zingakhale ngati beacon m'munda. Kupanga mbewu ndi phala ndi kophweka kwambiri:

1. Timabereka phala ndi wowonjezera.
2. Pakuti 1 lita imodzi ya phala, kutsanulira thumba la radish ndi 3-4 mapaketi a kaloti.
3. Tikuwonjezera supuni ya supuni ya feteleza yosungunuka madzi.
4. Onetsetsani ndi ndodo yomwe inalandira "malo ogulitsa".
5. Thirani phala mu botolo la detergent ndi khosi lopapatiza.
6. Mukamabzala, ndibwino kugwedeza madzi mu botolo.

Kusunga kaloti ndi mchenga

Kuperewera kwa mbewu za munda ndi ntchito yovuta, pambali pake imayambitsa mphukira zazing'ono. Pochotsa mbande zochulukirapo, timayang'ana mizu ya zomera zoyandikana nawo. Mukhoza kufesa kaloti ndi mchenga mosavuta zomwe zingathandize kupewa mabedi wandiweyani. Timagwiritsa ntchito gawo la mzere pazomwe mukufunikira. Ndiye supuni 1-2 yobzala zakuthupi bwino kusakaniza ndi theka la chidebe cha mchenga ndi kuchepetsa. Gawani zowonjezera zomwe zimapangidwira mumitsinje, madzi ndi madzi.

Kodi mungamange kaloti kubzala?

Zakudya zatsopano zimatha kuwononga kaloti, zimapangitsa kuti mizu ikhale yoipa, imayambitsa nthambi ndi kukopa tizirombo. Kwa kubzala, ndi bwino kupanga peat ndi feteleza yamchere. Pa malo acidic, amafunika kuwonjezera choko kapena phulusa. Kuchuluka kwa feteleza panthawi yofesa kaloti kumapeto kwa kasupe kumadalira momwe dziko lapansi limapangidwira pabedi:

1. Dothi la peat - 10 m ² limapereka 12-16 makilogalamu a humus, mpaka masupuni 10 a carbamide , 10 tbsp. makapu a feteleza feteleza ndi superphosphate.
2. Dothi lakuda, loams, nthaka ya mchenga - 10 m ² amapereka ndowa 10 za humus, 20 tbsp. spoons nitrophoski ndi 10 tbsp. makapu a superphosphate.
3. Pa chernozems - pa mlingo wa mabedi 10 m ² akhoza kuperekedwa mpaka 20 st. makapu a superphosphate .