Dziko la sayansi likudabwitsidwa ndi zatsopano zopezeka, ndipo chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zachuma sichimayika pambali. Zatsopano zokhudzana ndi zachuma, zitsanzo za ntchito ya misika, pamene njira yofufuza imafuna akatswiri kuti aphunzire. Kodi ntchitoyi ndi yotani? Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito zotchulidwa pamwamba pa msika wa dziko ndi udindo wa akatswiri oterewa.
Kodi "zatsopano" ndi chiyani?
Kukonzekera ndichinthu chapadera chomwe chimalimbikitsa zatsopano zamakono ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito m'misika, zimakopa chidwi cha anthu ndi zachilendo zachilendo. Wolemba zachuma wa ku Austria Schumpeter ndiye woyamba kupereka mwayi umenewu, ndipo ku Russia mawu oterewa anali ophunziridwa kumapeto kwa zaka zapitazo. Amayunivesite ambiri m'dziko muno akuphunzitsa akatswiri pankhaniyi, poganizira zochitika zapakhomo.
Pali zizindikiro zoterezi:
- chisangalalo chachikulu;
- chotsutsa;
- chotheka;
- Zopindulitsa mosalekeza.
Nkhani yatsopano ndi mfundo ndi malamulo a njira zatsopano, zitsanzo ndi njira zofufuza, bungwe ndi utsogoleri pamagulu osiyanasiyana:
- dziko;
- chigawo;
- mu msinkhu wa mabungwe apadera.
Kodi ndizofunika kuphunzira kuchokera kuzinthu zatsopano?
Ambiri opempha akuwonetsa: kodi ndi bwino kuphunzira nzeru zamakono, ndipo akuyembekezera zotani za ntchito zamtsogolo ? Kukonzekera ndizofunikira zomwe zimafuna chidziwitso chachikulu, akatswiri amtsogolo m'masukulu apamwamba amaphunzitsidwa:
- kupeza ndi kukhazikitsa malingaliro a katundu ndi ntchito zomwe msika ukusowa;
- kuphunzira zochitika zadziko, ndi maziko awo kuti awerenge zinthu zomwe zimapangidwanso ndi katundu wofunikira kwa anthu;
- kuona zoopsa ndi ndalama;
- chiwerengero;
- kupeza kupeza ndalama zothandizira polojekitiyi.
Kusintha Kwaumagulu
Mosiyana ndi masayansi ena, upadera uwu umaphunziranso kusintha kwa mtundu wina wa chikhalidwe cha anthu kumalo osiyana, odalirika, omwe amalola kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatirazo ndi kuwonjezeka kwina ku likulu la nzeru. Pali malangizo - chikhalidwe chachitukuko, maphunziro omwe amasintha pa zinthu ndi maphunziro a utsogoleri wa chikhalidwe. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:
- kusintha kwa machitidwe;
- yankho la mavuto a zamankhwala, maphunziro ndi chikhalidwe;
- Kusinthana ndi zogwiritsira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje a ku Ulaya: odwala, owonetsetsa zachilengedwe, kuwongolera maganizo .
Makhalidwe Ochuma
Chuma chachitukuko chimayambira pa kusintha kwa nthawi zonse, chitukuko cha zinthu zatsopano ndi zamtengo wapatali, pomwe ntchito yofunikira ikuperekedwa kwa oyambitsa ndi asayansi. Malinga ndi akatswiri, kafukufuku wamtundu uwu amapatsa dzikoli mwayi waphindu. Kodi ntchitoyi ndi yotani? - Aphunzitsi ambiri ndi opanga mapulogalamu ambiri amagawana zomwe akuziwona lero. Ndikofunika kuti kuwonjezera kwa malingaliro, chivomezi ndi mateknoloji amapereka mphamvu:
- mpikisano wothandiza ndi chitukuko;
- kupanga mapangidwe atsopano;
- kusintha mawonekedwe akale a bungwe ndi zolengedwa zambiri.
Kukonzekera kumafuna
Zomwe zimaphatikizapo zowonjezera - mwachidziwikire, funso lina: Kodi luso lonseli likugwiritsidwa ntchito pati? Ophunzira amatha kupeza ntchito:
- mu makampani a IT;
- malonda ndi ntchito yamalonda;
- mabanki ndi malonda.
Kukonzekera kwa ntchitoyi kumapereka zosiyanasiyana, monga mizu ya epistemological, ntchito ndi sayansi zina:
- chuma;
- nzeru;
- chikhalidwe;
- malonda ndi masukulu.
Ndani amene angagwire ntchito yatsopano?
Ndi ndani amene angagwire ntchito ya "luso"? Kwa umunthu wolenga ndi wosayenera - uwu ndiwo wapadera kwambiri. Zachilendo, zofuna, kudzizindikira - zonsezi zimakopa achinyamata, motero sikuli kovuta kupeza maluso awo mmunda uno. Katswiri wa zatsopano ndi udindo wotsogolera, kupatula pa chidziwitso chabwino, munthu ayenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe a mtsogoleri, athe kukonza zambiri pa nthawi imodzi, mofulumira kuwerengera zovuta, ndi kuyankhulana ndi anthu.
Mwachangu ndi khama kuti tipange ntchito yabwino, akatswiri muzinthu zatsopano amalandira maudindo akuluakulu:
- oyang'anira ntchito;
- akatswiri mu kukonza zamalonda,
- otsogolera zamakono.
Tinazindikira zomwe zatsopano ndizo-momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito mtsikana ndi funso lachilengedwe. Malangizo awa akuphatikizapo gawo la sayansi ndi malonda, kotero omaliza maphunziro a faculties amagwira ntchito monga injiniya, ogulitsa malonda, otsatsa malonda, odziwa zamakono ndi mapulogalamu, kuchita kafukufuku wodziimira. Amayunivesite amakono amaphunzitsa akatswiri pazinthu zatsopano zopititsa patsogolo mayiko, madera, mabungwe ogulitsa ntchito, akatswiri abwino amapeza ntchito m'mayiko omwe amayang'anira mbali za chitukuko cha zachuma.