Funso la zomwe Ego liri, zingawonekere pamaso pa munthu aliyense amene anakumana ndi mawu akuti "kudzikonda". Ndi chifukwa cha mgwirizano umenewu kuti lingaliro limeneli nthawi zambiri limawoneka m'njira yopapatiza komanso yoipa. Ndipotu, lingaliro la Ego liri ndi tanthauzo lozama komanso lofunika kwambiri.
Kodi umoyo waumunthu n'chiyani?
Kuti timvetse zomwe Ego zikutanthauza, ndikofunikira kuti tipite ku sukulu zosiyana za maganizo. Koma ngakhale mu nkhani iyi tidzangokhala ndi lingaliro lokha la chigawo ichi chosasangalatsa cha umunthu wathu. Ponena za kudzikonda kwanu, zambiri za kuganiza zingapezekedwe mu psychoanalysis. Nthawi zambiri, mawuwa amatanthawuza umunthu wamkati wa munthu yemwe ali ndi udindo wozindikira, kuloweza pamtima, kuyesa dziko lozungulira iye ndi oyanjana ndi anthu.
Mwamuna ndi mkazi Ego amathandiza anthu kudzipatula okha kuchokera ku chilengedwe, kudzizindikiritsa okha komanso kukhala odziimira okha. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ndimayesetsa kuti munthu azitha kuyankhulana ndi dziko lozungulira, ndithandizeni kumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika pozungulira ine ndikupanga zisankho pazofunikira. Mu moyo wonse, gawo ili la umunthu limatha kusintha ndikukula, ngati munthu amayesetsa kukula mwauzimu.
Kodi Ego yaikulu ndi chiyani?
Lingaliro la Ego yaikulu kapena lapamwamba limatanthauza malo a esotericism. Wapamwamba ndi umoyo wa munthu, makhalidwe aumulungu omwe amapezeka pozindikira zinthu zakumwamba. Aliyense wokhala pa dziko lathu lapansi amabadwira kukhala cholinga chokhutiritsa zofuna zake ndi zosowa zake. Mtengo wapansi umakankhira munthuyo kukhala wogula, kuti azikhala phindu la ena, kumuthandiza thupi lake. Mkhalidwe wapansi kwambiri ndiwo gwero la mavuto onse: kaduka, mabodza, chiwawa, umbombo.
Mosiyana ndi chinthu chamkati chamkati, Ego wapamwamba imayesetsa kupitilira umunthu ndi thupi ndi kugwirizana ndi chilengedwe chonse. Mapemphero, mantras, kudzipangitsa okhaokha ndi zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti Ego akhale ndi tanthauzo latsopano, kuti likhale lokwanira komanso lalikulu. Panthawi imeneyi munthu amapeza zolinga zabwino, amayamba kuzindikira anthu ena ngati anthu apamtima. Pa nthawi yomweyo khalidwe limasintha, moyo umakhala wopepuka, wauzimu, komanso kwathunthu.
Kodi khalidweli ndi labwino kapena loipa?
Umoyo waumunthu ndi gawo lofunikira la umunthu . Popanda izo, kukhalapo kwa munthu kotero ndiko kosatheka. Ziribe kanthu, Ego wamwamuna kapena wamkazi, zimathandiza kuzindikira dziko lakunja ndikuzilingalira kuchokera kumbali yofunikira kwa munthuyo. Chifukwa cha umunthu wamkati, munthu aliyense amasinthasintha kudziko lapansi, amapeza malo ake ndi ntchito yake, ndi oyanjana ndi anthu oyandikana naye.
Pomwe ziri zabwino kukhala ndi zofuna zanu zokha kapena zoyipa, mungathe kuyankhula kokha pa msinkhu wa chitukuko cha chinthu ichi ndi ntchito zazikulu zomwe iwo adzipanga okha. Ngati dziko lathuli likuwonedwa ngati nsanja kuti tikwaniritse zosowa zathu, ndiye kuti tikhoza kunena kuti chidziwitsochi chimapangidwa pamtunda wofooka. Wopambana kwambiri "Ine" amayesetsa kuti akhale gawo la dziko, kotero silingaganizire zofuna zaumwini zokha, komanso zofuna za ena.
Kodi kudziwika ndi chiyani?
Ego-chidziwitso ndi gawo lofunikira la chiphunzitso cha psychoanalyst Erik Erikson. M'ntchito zake, psychoanalyst amadziwika kuti ego-kudziwika monga mbali yofunikira pa mapangidwe ndi moyo wabwino wa munthu payekha. Lingaliroli limakhudza kwambiri maganizo, osati chifukwa, choncho nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa psychotherapy yazimayi. Ego-kudziwika ndi umphumphu wa psyche waumunthu , momwe maudindo osiyanasiyana amtundu ndiumwini angagwirizanitsidwe.
Ine-ine ndikukwaniritsa chitukuko chabwino ngati munthu ali ndi chidaliro mu njira ya moyo ndi kudzilamulira yekha mu magawo atatu: ndale, ntchito, chipembedzo. Kusatsimikizika kwa munthu kumabweretsa chitukuko chaumwini. Chodziwika kwambiri pakati pa zovuta ndi achinyamata, omwe ntchito yawo ndi kubweretsa munthu kukula ndikukhala ndi chidziwitso komanso kudziona.
Ego - psychology
Zomwe zili mkati zimakhala pakati pa oimira psychoanalysis. Chigawo ichi cha maganizo a munthu chinkaonedwa pamodzi ndi Ono (Id) ndi Super-I (Super-Ego). Woyambitsa lingaliro limeneli ndi Sigmund Freud, amene ankawona kuti mphamvu za umunthu ndizochita zachilengedwe zimagwira ntchito. Otsatira ake - A. Freud, E. Erickson ndi E. Hartmann - amakhulupilira kuti ego ndi chinthu chodziimira kwambiri kuposa Freud chofunika komanso chofunika kwambiri.
Kodi Freud's Ego ndi chiyani?
Ego wa Freud ndi dongosolo lokonzekera kwambiri mu psyche lomwe limayang'anira umphumphu, bungwe ndi kukumbukira. Malingana ndi Freud, "Ine" ndikuyesetsa kuteteza psyche ku zinthu zovuta komanso kukumbukira. Kuti tichite zimenezi, imagwiritsa ntchito njira zoteteza. Ego ndi mkhalapakati pakati pa Id ndi Super-Ego. Ndimaganizira mauthenga ochokera kwa Id, ndikuwakonzanso ndikuchita mogwirizana ndi zomwe adalandira. Zitha kunenedwa kuti ego ndi nthumwi ya Id ndi yotumizira kumalo akunja.
Ego - lingaliro la Erickson
Ego psychology ya Erickson, ngakhale inamangidwa chifukwa cha ntchito ya Freud, komabe inali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu. Kutsindika kwakukulu kwa lingaliroli kunaikidwa pa nthawi ya zaka. Ntchito ya Ego, malinga ndi Erickson, ndi chitukuko cha umunthu. Ndikhoza kulimbikitsa, kulimbikitsa moyo wanga wonse, ndikukonza chitukuko cholakwika cha psyche ndikuthandizani kumenyana mkangano wamkati. Ngakhale Erikson ndi kugawa Ego ngati chinthu chosiyana, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo amaiganizira kuti ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chikhalidwe cha munthu aliyense.
Mu lingaliro lake la chitukuko, E. Erickson akutsindika kwambiri pa nthawi ya ubwana. Nthawi yayitali imalola munthu kukhala ndi malingaliro ndi kupeza maziko abwino kuti apitirize kudzipangira yekha. Zopweteka za ubwana, malinga ndi sayansi, ndizo katundu wonyalanyaza, nkhawa, mantha omwe amakhudza ubwino wa chitukuko china.
Zoona ndi zabodza Ego
Gulu loona ndi lachinyengo Eg imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku maganizo, koma zotsatira za ziphunzitso zomwe zafotokozedwa m'mabukhu akale a ku India - Vedas. M'mipukutu iyi mukhoza kupeza kumvetsetsa kwina pa zomwe zilili. Malingana ndi chiphunzitso ichi, Ego yonyenga ndi chinthu chomwe chimathandiza munthu kuzindikira ndikukhala m'dziko lapansi. Mphamvu izi zimapangitsa munthu kukhumba ndi zikhumbo zomwe zili zofunika kuti apulumuke komanso atonthozedwe ndi ake komanso anthu ake apamtima. Pachifukwa ichi, izi zimatchedwanso egoism.
Zoona zenizeni zimapitirira malire a umunthu ndi kudzikonda, zimathandiza kumvetsera dziko lozungulira, kumva mavuto ake, kuthandiza anthu. Moyo, womwe umachokera pa zochita ndi malingaliro omwe amachokera kwa Woona weniweni, umakhala wowala ndi wangwiro. Kugonjetsa Egoism ndi kukhala ndi moyo, kutsatira "I" weniweni, ndi mphamvu zake sizingatheke. Maziko a moyo uno ndi chikondi chapamwamba cha Mulungu.
Njira zotetezera za umoyo
Woyambitsa chiphunzitso cha njira zotetezera ndi Z. Freud. Mu ntchito za sayansi, iye analankhula za njira zotetezera, monga njira yotetezera psyche kuvuto la id ndi superego. Njirazi zimagwira ntchito pa chidziwitso ndipo zimayambitsa kusokoneza kwenikweni. Freud adasankhidwa motere:
- kuponderezana - kuchotsa pamtima chidziwitso chomwe chimasokoneza psyche kapena chosasangalatsa;
- kulingalira - kutumiza maganizo ndi zikhumbo kwa munthu wina;
- kulowetsa mmalo - kutumiza kusayera koipa kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi yemwe anachititsa kuti ayambe kuchitapo kanthu;
- kulingalira - kufotokoza kwa khalidwe losavomerezeka kuchokera pamalingaliro amalingaliro kotero kuti khalidwe linayamba kuoneka lovomerezeka kapena lokhalo lotheka;
- Kupondereza - kubwerera ku khalidwe lomwe liri laling'ono launyamata;
- kusonyeza malire - kutumizira maganizo omwe amachititsa kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino;
- Maphunziro otsogolera ndi mawonetseredwe a khalidwe mosiyana ndi zikhumbo zomwe munthu ali nazo;
- kukana - kukana kuwona zochitika zosasangalatsa kapena malingaliro.
Kodi mungatani kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino?
Umoyo wa munthu umabadwa ndi mawonekedwe a munthu payekha. Mu moyo wonse, iwo akhoza kusintha njira, kubwereranso kuchokera kwa kudzikonda kwapamwamba kupita ku apamwamba. Mwamuna ndi mkazi Ego amafuna kuti dziko lonse lapansi lidziyang'anitsitsa, chifukwa limadziona kuti ndilo likulu la chilengedwe. Zipembedzo za anthu osiyanasiyana zimavomereza kuti ndizosatheka kuthetsa khalidwe lodzikonda lachidziŵitso ndi mphamvu ya munthu. Mungathe kuthana nawo ndi thandizo la mphamvu yauzimu yauzimu. Mungathe kukhala ndi moyo wapamwamba mwazochita zauzimu nthawi zonse, kuwerenga mabuku auzimu ndi kudzipindulitsa.
Kodi mungasinthe bwanji Ego yanu?
Kulimbana nokha ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito zovuta kwambiri za munthu aliyense. Ngati munthu ali ndi Ego, wotengeka ndi chilakolako, mkwiyo, kaduka, zilakolako zakuthupi, adzayenera kumenyana nawo mbali iyi ya umunthu wake motalika. Choyamba chofunika kuti mutonthoze Ego ndikuzindikira kuti ndizokonda, kudzichepetsa. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa zomwe zimatsogolera, kuzindikira zofuna zawo zonse, zilakolako, zolinga ndi zolinga zawo. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kusankha njira imene mungagwire ntchito pa Ego yanu. Kuti muchite izi, mungagwiritse ntchito machitidwe auzimu kapena mapulogalamu a maganizo kuti muzigwira ntchito nokha.
Mabuku onena za Ego
Zambiri zamtundu wokhudza umunthu wamkati zimasonkhanitsidwa m'mabuku otere:
- Z. Freud "Ine ndi Iwo" . Bukuli likuyang'ana mphamvu ya Ego, tanthauzo lake ndi kugwirizana ndi mbali yopanda chidziwitso cha psyche.
- A. Freud "Psychology of Me ndi njira zotetezera . " Kuwonjezera pa kulingalira za zigawo zikuluzikulu za psyche mu bukhuli, mukhoza kupeza tsatanetsatane wa njira zotetezera.
- E. Erickson "Chidziwitso ndi kusintha kwa moyo" . Bukuli limafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane mfundo yaikulu ya maganizo a Erickson.
- E. Hartmann "Filosofi ya chikumbumtima . " Mu ntchito yake, wolembayo ayesera kuphatikiza malingaliro osiyana pa chidziwitso ndi kudzikonda kwake.