Pa nthawi ya pulogalamu ya periodic, germanium inali isanatsegulidwe, koma Mendeleev ananeneratu kuti kulipo kwake. Ndipo patapita zaka 15, lipoti losadziwika linadziwika m'modzi mwa migodi ya Freiberg, mu 1886 chinthu china chatsopano chinadziwika kuchokera pamenepo. Mgwirizano ndi wa Winkler Wachijeremani wamagetsi, yemwe adapatsa dzina la dziko lake. Ngakhalenso ndi zothandiza zambiri za germanium, pakati pawo panali malo ndi ochizira, idagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, ndipo sichigwira ntchito. Choncho, ngakhale panopa sitinganene kuti chinthucho chinaphunziridwa bwino, koma zina mwazinthu zake zatsimikiziridwa kale ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino.
Machiritso a germanium
Mu mawonekedwe ake enieni, chinthucho sichipezeka, chomwe chimagawidwa ndizovuta, kotero pa mwayi woyamba iwo adalowetsedwa ndi zida zocheperako. Poyamba ankagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma diode ndi transistors, koma silicon inali yabwino komanso yofikira, kotero kuphunzira kwa mankhwala a Germanium kunapitiriza. Tsopano ndi gawo la mapulogalamu a thermoelectric omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zipangizo za microwave, luso lamakono.
Mankhwala ankakondwereranso ndi chinthu china chatsopano, koma zotsatira zowonjezera zinapezeka kokha kumapeto kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazo. Akatswiri a ku Japan adatha kupeza chithandizo cha mankhwala a germanium ndi kufotokozera njira zogwiritsira ntchito. Pambuyo poyesedwa pa zinyama ndi kuchipatala zomwe zimachitika pamtundu wa anthu, zinapezeka kuti chinthucho chikhoza:
- chititsani chitetezo ;
- perekani oxygen ku matinsu;
- kumenyana ndi zotupa;
- kuonjezera kuchitidwa kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha.
Kuvuta kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi poizoni wa germanium muzitsulo zazikulu, choncho mankhwala amafunidwa omwe angakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino pa thupi lina lomwe lili ndi vuto lochepa. Yoyamba inali "Germanium-132", yomwe imathandiza kuti thupi likhale ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, limathandiza kupeĊµa kusowa kwa oxygen ngati vuto la hemoglobin likuchepa. Komanso, zowonetsera zasonyeza zotsatira za chipangizochi popanga makina operewera omwe amalephera kugawa maselo (zotupa) mofulumira. Phindu limaperekedwa pokhapokha ngati likuyendetsedwa mkati, kuvala zodzikongoletsera ndi germanium sizikhala ndi zotsatirapo.
Kuperewera kwa germanium kumachepetsa mphamvu ya chilengedwe ya thupi kukana zisonkhezero zowonjezera, zomwe zimabweretsa zolakwira zosiyanasiyana. Mlingo woyenera tsiku lililonse ndi 0.8-1.5 mg. Mukhoza kupeza zinthu zofunika kuti mukhale ndi mkaka, nsomba, madzi a phwetekere , bowa, adyo komanso nyemba.