Chitetezo chokwanira ndi kuthekera kwa thupi kuti lisokoneze ntchito ya mabakiteriya, poizoni ndi zinthu zina zoipa. Tsopano tisiyanitsa mitundu yambiri ya chitetezo monga congenital ndi kupezeka, zomwe zimagawidwa mzinthu zina, malingana ndi mkhalidwe wa ziwalo ndi zikhalidwe za chitukuko.
Mitundu yayikulu ya chitetezo chaumunthu
Kutetezeka kwa chitetezo kumathandiza kukhala chotetezo chomwe chimasiyanitsa munthu ndi chilengedwe. Ntchito yake yaikulu ndi kusunga thanzi la thupi ndi ntchito yake yofunikira.
Mitundu yayikulu ya chitetezo chokwanira ndi yaufulu ndipo imapezedwa, yomwe imagawidwa mu:
- chochita;
- osasamala.
Chitetezo chosawonongeka, chomwe chimatchedwanso humoral, chikugwirizana ndi makhalidwe a thupi, omwe amafalitsidwa pakubalidwa ndi cholowa.
Fomu yogwira ntchito imayamba pambuyo pochotsa matenda. Pachifukwa ichi, chikumbukiro cha mthupi chimapangidwa ku bacterium.
Maonekedwe osasunthika amapangidwa panthawi ya kukula kwa ubwana panthawi yopititsa ma antibodies kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana, momwe umoyo ndi chilengedwe zimagwira ntchito yofunikira.
Maluso omwe amatetezedwa amatha kupangidwa m'moyo wonse. Mmene thupi la munthu limatetezera limatanthauzanso kupezeka kwa mitundu yotetezeka yotereyi monga yogwira ntchito.
Ndi chitetezo chokhudzidwa chimayamba kugwira ntchito pambuyo pa matendawa.
Zopweteka zimapezeka chifukwa cha katemera kapena kuyambitsa mankhwala a seramu, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa:
- moyo;
- zosakhalitsa.
Katemera ndi wotetezeka
Fomu yopangira mavitamini imatchedwanso post-vaccination, monga imapangidwira atagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito katemera opangidwa kuchokera ku maselo a bakiteriya, zomwe zimapanga mawonekedwe a antibodies.
Kutetezeka kwa chitetezo champhamvu kumayambira ndi kupanga pang'onopang'ono, mkati mwa miyezi iwiri. Malingana ndi liwiro la kupanga mapangidwe oteteza, anthu onse akhoza kugawidwa ndi mtundu wa chitetezo ku:
- mofulumira - kuchokera masabata awiri;
- Ochedwa - kuchokera miyezi iwiri kapena kuposerapo.
Kachilombo koyambitsa matenda kamene kamatuluka mu thupi nthawi yochepa kwambiri ndipo imakhalabe yotetezeka kwa milungu 8. Njira yochepetsera katemera imapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mofulumira kusiyana ndi yogwira ntchito. Choncho, katemera ndi kofunika kuchotsa anthrax, diphtheria, tetanasi ndi matenda ena.
Ngati ntchito zotetezera zimayamba mu ntchito yofunikira, ndiye kuti chitetezo chotere komanso mitundu yake imatchedwa zachirengedwe.
Fomu yogwira ntchito imalandira dzina lotero chifukwa chakuti thupi lokha limapangitsa kukana kwa matupi akunja. Mitundu imeneyi imatchedwanso matenda opatsirana pogonana, chifukwa zimapangidwa pamene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'thupi ndikuyamba kutenga kachilomboka.
Kuwonjezera pa mitundu iyi, palinso mitundu yambiri ya chitetezo, chomwe chimagawidwa kukhala zopangidwa ndi zachibadwa:
- wosabereka;
- osati wosabala.
Kwa mtundu wosabala umakhala ndi chitetezo chotere, chomwe chitatha matenda ochiritsidwa thupi limachotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Osakhala wosabala ali ndi chitetezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe chimapangidwanso sichikuphatikiza ndi imfa ya mabakiteriya. Izi ndizo matenda aakulu, monga brucellosis, TB, syphilis. Pambuyo pa chifuwa chachikulu cha TB m'thupi mumakhalabe mycobacteria, yomwe imatha kuwonetseredwa kuti mukhale ndi moyo. Ngakhale wogulitsa causative adzakhalabe othandiza, padzakhala chotchinga choteteza thupi. Pamene chimfine chimafa, kutayika kwa chitetezo chosawonongeka kumachitika.