Mfundo yakuti causative wothandizira TB ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amadziwika ndi ambiri. Koma kodi microorganism iyi, imafalitsidwa bwanji, ndi zotani zomwe zimamveka bwino - osati akatswiri onse amakono akudziwa mayankho a mafunso awa?
Kodi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi chiyani?
Wothandizira chifuwa cha TB ndi ndodo ya chifuwa chachikulu. Ndi kachilombo kofiira kamene kamakhala kofanana, kamene kamatha kufika ma microni 10. Ngakhale, monga momwe zimasonyezera, mabakiteriya kukula kwake nthawi zambiri amakhala kuyambira 1 mpaka 4 μm. Wandali ndizitali - kuchokera ku 0.2 mpaka 0,6 microns. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tingathe kukhala olunjika kapena ophwanyika pang'ono. Monga lamulo, mapangidwe a ndodo ndi yunifolomu, koma nthawi zina ndizopangidwira. Zomalizira zake ndizopindika.
Mycobacteria ndi omwe amachititsa chifuwa chachikulu cha TB ndikukhala m'gulu la schizomycetes, banja la actinomycetes. Zimaphatikizapo ndi:
- meshini ya selo;
- ululu wam'madzi;
- mesosomes;
- chithunzi;
- mankhwala a nyukiliya - nucleotide.
Mycobacterium ndi dzina lamakono. Poyambirira, wodwalayo wakupha chifuwachi amatchedwa Koch's wand - pofuna kulemekeza wasayansi, yemwe adayamba kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane ndikuwonetsa chikhalidwe chake. Zofufuza za nyama zimaloleza Koch kutsimikizira kuti chikhalidwe cha tizilombo toyambitsa matendachi ndi chowopsa.
Pathogenesis wa matendawa
Bacillus ya chifuwa chachikulu imatumizidwa ndi madontho a m'madzi. Kawirikawiri, nthawi yopangira makulitsidweyo imatha kuchokera pa masabata awiri mpaka mwezi. Kawirikawiri, mabakiteriya atangotuluka m'thupi, chimatchedwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapangidwira m'matenda okhudzidwa. Amakhala ndi maselo akuluakulu ndi leukocyte ozungulira mycobacteria.
Ndi chitetezo chabwino cha chitetezo cha mthupi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitikupita kupyola chifuwachi. Amakhalabe m'thupi, koma samawopsa. Ngati chitetezo chafooka chikufooka, zibonga zimayamba kuchuluka mofulumira, ndipo matendawa amayamba.
Kukana kwa zisonkhezero zachilengedwe
Mycobacteria inatha kusintha moyo. Kunja kwa thupi, iwo amakhalabe othandiza kwa nthawi yaitali:
- m'mabuku, mabakiteriya amakhala miyezi iwiri kapena itatu;
- mu fumbi - masabata angapo;
- m'nyumba zosungira - mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi;
- Muzipinda zosalala bwino masana - mpaka miyezi isanu;
- Zakudya zina - mafuta, tchizi - pafupifupi chaka.
Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo wakupha TB akhoza kupirira kutentha. Kotero, pa madigiri makumi asanu ndi awiri, wandendayo amakhala moyo mpaka theka la ora. Kutentha kudzapha mycobacterium osati kale kuposa maminiti asanu.
Ngakhale mankhwala sangathe nthawizonse kugonjetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Choncho, n'kopanda phindu kugwiritsira ntchito alkali, zidulo kapena mowa. Chodabwitsa ichi chikufotokozedwa ndi kuti kachilombo ka bakiteriya kamakhala ndi mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri. Kutsiriza kwa mafuta ndi zinthu monga sera zimapangidwa.
Chimene wandimayima amawopa - kuwala kwa dzuwa. Mothandizidwa ndi mazira a ultraviolet, causative wothandizira chifuwa chachikulu cha TB amamwalira mkati mwa mphindi zingapo. Ndipo pokhala dzuŵa, mycobacterium yawonongeka kwa theka la ora.
Kodi mungagwirizane bwanji ndi wandolo wa Koch?
Kwa nthawi yaitali ankakhulupirira kuti sizingatheke kuchira matenda a chifuwa chachikulu. Nkhani zovuta zikukumanabe lero. Kuti muwononge mycobacteria, muyenera kumenyana kwa nthawi yaitali komanso mozama kwambiri. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amtundu uwu sangathandize. Mankhwala ayenera kutengedwa mwachangu komanso mwachizolowezi. Ngakhale pakapita nthawi yochepa, bakiteriya amatha kukhala ndi chitetezo ku zinthu zogwira ntchito.
Panthawi yachipatala amaletsedwa kumwa mowa ndi kusuta. Zakudya za wodwalayo ziyenera kuphatikizapo mbale yambiri, masamba, zipatso.