- Malo: Bolivia, La Paz, Tiwanako
M'dziko lodabwitsa la Bolivia, patangotsala nthawi yaitali kuti maonekedwe a a Incas amphamvu awonongeke, chitukuko china - Tiwanaku , chomwe chinakula kwa zaka mazana anayi - chilamulira. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri za ufumu umenewu, zomwe zasungidwa mpaka lero, ndi Chipata cha Dzuŵa (Chingerezi: Chipata cha Dzuŵa ndi Puerta del Sol).
Zambiri zokhudza mbiri yakale
Chipata ndi mzere wamwala ndi miyeso yodabwitsa: kutalika kwa mamita atatu, m'lifupi mamita 4 ndi makulidwe a theka la mita, ndipo kulemera kwawo ndi pafupifupi matani 44. Pogwiritsa ntchito makinawa, aborigines ankagwiritsa ntchito monolith yolimba kuchokera ku gray-green andesite.
Chipata cha Dzuŵa ku Bolivia chili pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Titicaca pamtunda wa mamita pafupifupi 3800 pamwamba pa nyanja ndipo ili gawo la kachisi wa Kalasasaya, pokhala mbali ya zomangamanga za Tiwanaku. Iwo ali kumalo komwe iwo anapezedwa kumapeto kwa zaka za XIX. Asayansi alibe chidziwitso chodziwika cha chomwe chikumbumtimachi chinagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndipo zimangopereka zongoganizira zosiyanasiyana pa izi.
Wolemba Archaeologist, Arthur Poznansky, ndiye anali woyamba kupereka chophimba chakale dzina la Chipata cha Sun, chomwe chinatsatiridwa ndi icho.
Wolemba mbiri wotchuka Vaclav Scholz akusonyeza kuti Chipata cha Sun chinathyoledwa kangapo m'mbuyomo, ndipo kenako chimamangidwanso, koma malo awo oyambirira samasulira izi. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti anali pakati pa kachisi.
Kufotokozera za Chipata cha Dzuwa Tiwanaku
Pamwamba pa chithunzi cha mpumulo ndi chithunzi cha umunthu pakatikati chinadulidwa. Chiwerengerochi chikuwonetsedwa ndi antchito m'manja mwake, mmalo mwa tsitsi ali ndi mutu wa puma ndi condor, ndipo lamba amavekedwa ndi zigaza za anthu. Mukakuyang'ana mumapanga kuti misozi imatsika pansi pa nkhope ya cholengedwa ichi.
Pafupi ndi chiwerengerochi muli zolengedwa 48 zamatsenga zomwe nkhope zawo zimatembenuzidwa. Pansi pawo pali zojambula zochititsa chidwi ndi zojambulajambula. Kumbali inayi, Chipata cha Sun chili ndi zida zakuya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka nsembe. Poyamba, chinsalu chonsechi chinali chodzaza ndi golide, lero amasungidwa m'malo osiyana.
Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti mulungu wa Dzuŵa la chitukuko cha Tiwanaku akuwonekera pakhomo, ndipo iwowa anagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi. Mu 1949, asayansi atha kulemba zolembedwazo, zomwe zinakhala kalendala yolondola ya zakuthambo.
Zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi zipata za dzuwa
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti chaka chino chili ndi masiku 290 ndipo ndi ofanana ndi miyezi 10, ziwiri zomwe zimakhala ndi masiku 25, ndi ena onse 24. A akatswiri ambiri ofufuza zinthu zakale amakhulupirira kuti iyi ndi kalendala ya chitukuko chadziko. Malinga ndi buku lina, izi ndizochitika nthawi ya Venus, ndipo ina imatiuza kuti kamodzi pa dziko lathuli padali nthawi ina ya tsiku ...
Tiyenera kuzindikira chinthu china chofunikira: Pa Chipata cha Sun ku Bolivia, pakati pa ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana za nyama, zithunzi zambiri za nyama yam'mbuyomo - fodya - inapezeka. Nyamayiyi inakhala ku South America zaka zoposa 12,000 zapitazo.
Kuchokera pazimenezi tingathe kuganiza kuti chophimbacho chinamangidwa kuzungulira nthawi ino. Mpaka lero, zambiri zakhalabe zinsinsi, monga momwe anthu akale ankakhalira miyala yaikulu kwambiri pamwala.
M'chaka cha 2000, chida cha Tiwanaku chidaphatikizidwa mu List of World Heritage List, kuphatikizapo Chipata cha Sun. Ndi chizindikiro cha chitukuko chachikulu chomwe chinathandiza kwambiri pa mbiri ya pre-Columbian America.
Kodi mungapite ku chikumbutso?
Malo a mbiriyakale ali pafupi ndi likulu la Bolivia (kutalika pafupifupi 70 km). Mukhoza kufika ku La Paz pa galimoto mumsewu waukulu 1. Mutha kuchoka ku Nyanja ya Titicaca (15 km) ndikutsatira zizindikiro. Chipata cha Dzuŵa chiri kumbali yakutali kwambiri ya kachisi wa Kalasasaya.
Cholinga ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zozizwitsa zozizwitsa muzitsulo zonse za Tiwanaku, ndipo zimatchuka kwambiri. Kupita ku memo ya mbiriyi, musaiwale kutenga kamera yanu ndi inu, chifukwa zithunzi pafupi ndi Chipata cha Sun zimakondwera nanu ndipo zimadabwitsa anthu omwe mumadziwana nawo kwa nthawi yayitali mutatha ulendo.
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