Kodi mumadziwa kuti chingamu chinayambitsidwa liti, ndi chiani chomwe chimaletsedwa ndipo chiri ndi ntchito iliyonse? Mu kusankha kwathu mungapeze mayankho a mafunso onsewa osati osati.
Ndi anthu ochepa okha amene amadziwa, koma mu 2018 chaka chotsatira cha chewing gum, amatha zaka 170. Icho chinapangidwa ndi American John Curtis, ndipo kuchokera nthawi imeneyo iye adasinthidwa zambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyi anthu a ku Greece akale ankayesa utomoni wa mastic, ndipo iwo ankachita mwaukhondo. Tsiku lobadwa la kutafuna chingamu limakondwerera pa September 23, ndi zina zochititsa chidwi - kenako.
1. Kukula mwachangu
Kuti apange yoyaka tsaya m'chaka cha 1848, ankagwiritsa ntchito utoto wamtengo wapatali wotchedwa coniferous trees ndi parafini. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, panthawi yopanga, singano zapaini nthawi zambiri zimagunda misala, yomwe inkawomba mlengalenga. Kufunafuna kutchedwa "White Mountain", "Cream ndi Sugar" komanso "Lulu Laculicial". Gulu la rabala linaonekera mu 1871, ndipo zinali zabwino kwambiri kuti woyambitsa wake anapanga makina opangira kupanga. Pogawira chogulitsa chatsopano pakati pa ogula, chinaperekedwa kumasitolo kwaulere.
2. Gawo la chakudya cha asilikali
Ndi anthu ochepa chabe amene amadziwa kuti msilikali akupereka chakudya pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse ndikufunafuna "Orbit". Ankaganiza kuti zimathandiza asilikali kuti azisangalala ndi kulimbana ndi nkhawa.
3. Kuyikira kwa opanga
Kodi mukuganiza kuti makampani ambiri opanga chingwe ali ku America? Koma dziko lino lili pachiwiri. Ndipotu, Turkey ili ndi udindo waukulu.
4. Zosiyana mitundu ya kutafuna chingamu
Kutsuka chingamu sikumangooneka mosiyana (mbale, pads ndi tubules), komanso cholinga chake ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, zotsatirazi zingaperekedwe:
- popanda shuga - pamene amapanga zotsekemera zopangira;
- ndi magalasi odzaza - mapepala okhala ndi mapepala ali mkati mwazaza - mchere wofewa;
- ntchito - ziphatikizapo mavitamini, mchere ndi zinthu zina zothandiza;
- mankhwala - kutaya chingamu ali ndi zinthu zofunikira pa matenda ena (malingana ndi ntchito yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito), zomwe zimakhala mofulumira m'magazi kuposa momwe zimakhalira mapiritsi;
- nicotinic - gwiritsani ntchito mphira kuti musiye kusuta, chifukwa muli ndi chikonga chochuluka.
Pali kudula gums kwa kuchepa, mano akuyera, zitsamba, mphamvu, zakudya ndi zina zotero.
5. Kawirikawiri kutafuna chingamu
Mu chiwerengero cha Forbes mungapeze mndandanda wa zisambo zosasangalatsa kwambiri. Zimaphatikizapo mphamvu yakufuna chingamu, kuthamanga vivacity, monga zakumwa zakumwa (zowonjezera ziwiri sizingathetsedwe). Muli mndandandawu ndikufunafuna chingamu, chomwe chimalota oyeretsa ndi oyeretsa m'mayiko ambiri - kuchoka mofulumira. Silikumangiriza pamwamba ndikusambitsidwa mosavuta ndi madzi.
6. Njira yothetsera njala
Asayansi apanga kafukufuku wambiri kuti atsimikize kuti ching'onoting'ono chimathandiza kuchepetsa njala. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti njirayi imalimbikitsa mitsempha, ndipo imapereka chizindikiro chokhudza ubongo ku ubongo. Kuwonjezera apo, zinatsimikiziridwa kuti kutcha chingamu kumachepetsa mphamvu ya metabolism ndi pafupifupi 20%.
7. Freshens amapuma?
Ambiri amagula chewamu ngati yotsitsimutsa, koma kwenikweni sichithandiza kuchotsa mpweya woipa. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti gulu lotsekeka limapereka kanthawi kochepa chabe, choncho ndi zopanda phindu.
8. Prophylaxis ya caries
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti kutafuna chingamu kumayambitsa mano, koma kwenikweni kungakhale ngati njira yothandizira anthu kuti asamawonongeke. Matendawa amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyamwa timene timayamwa. Amatha kuchotsa osati chingamu, komanso kuchuluka kwamatope, omwe amatulutsidwa mosakayika pa kutafuna. Ngati vuto liripo kale, ndiye njira iyi sidzakhala yothandiza.
9. Kodi ndizoopsa kumeza?
Imodzi mwa nkhani zomwe zimawopsya kwambiri zomwe makolo amauza ana awo - simungathe kumeza chingamu, chifukwa zimakhalabe m'magazi kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Kwa nthawi yaitali asayansi akhala akukana zimenezi, kutsimikizira kuti kutafuna chingamu kudutsa m'matumbo, osati kutaya komanso kusapitirira.
10. Nthawi yabwino yopeza
Kuti chingamupweteke, idyani mukatha kudya komanso osapitirira mphindi zisanu. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti ngati lamuloli silinayankhidwe, ndiye kuti kutafuna kwa nthawi yaitali kumayambitsa chisokonezo chochuluka cha msuzi ndi madzi a m'mimba, omwe, atalowa m'danda lopanda kanthu, amayamba kudya. Zonsezi zimabweretsa chiopsezo cha zilonda zam'mimba ndi gastritis. Kuwonjezera apo, kutafuna chingamu kwa nthawi yayitali kumawononga madokolo, korona ndi zisindikizo.
11. Osauka kukumbukira
Akatswiri a zamaganizo a Chingerezi apanga kafukufuku ndipo apeza kuti kutafuna chingamu kukudwalitsa kanthawi kochepa, kamene kamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kanthawi kochepa. Munthu akayamba kusaka, zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri, choncho musagwiritse ntchito chewing gum muzochitika zofunikira.
12. Chotafuna Gum Recipe
Lerolino kupanga kwa pafupifupi mankhwala onse, kuphatikizapo kutafuna chingamu, ndizowonongeka. Zimapangidwa ndi njira imodzi yogwiritsira ntchito zowonjezera: raba 20%, shuga 60% kapena cholowa m'malo mwake, 19% madzi a chimanga ndi 1% kukoma.
13. Kukoma kotchuka kwambiri
Zowonongeka za kutafuna chingamu ndi zazikulu, ndipo nthawi zonse zimabweretsanso. Malingana ndi kufufuza ndi kugulitsa malonda, zinkatheka kutsimikizira kuti wotchuka kwambiri ndi chingamu ndi kukoma kwa timbewu timeneti, eukali ndi sinamoni.
14. Kupulumutsa gulu
Mlandu wapadera unachitika mu 1911, pomwe pang'onoting'ono kakang'ono kamapezeka mu "ndege yamadzi" ya injini ya ndege imene inagwera ku England, koma ikhoza kubweretsa ngozi. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, kuchoka kwadzidzidzi kunapangidwa - malo owonongeka adasindikizidwa ndi kutafuna chingamu, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti pakhale malo otetezeka.
15. Choyamba chimakhalapo
Kwa nthawi yoyamba pakunyamulira kwa chewing chingamu anayamba kuika zitsulo mu makumi atatu a zaka makumi awiri. Iwo anali atchulidwa otchuka pa nthawiyo, othamanga, ndi nthawi - ndipo amasonyeza nyenyezi zamalonda. Kampani yawo Hamilton Chewing Gum Ltd. inatulutsidwa. Anthu oterewa ali ndi luso lokonzekera kwambiri, choncho opangidwira amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, anthu anayamba kusonkhanitsa. Tsopano makope osowa amagulitsidwa pamalonda, ndipo mtengo wawo ukufikira € 1,000.
16. Mitundu yowonjezera matope
Pali mbiri yosagwirizanitsidwa osati ndi gulu lotsekeka, koma ndi maswiti wrappers. Mwa izi, mndandanda wautali kwambiri unapangidwa ku America. Adalenga ndi Gary Dulchem. Kutalika kwake kunali kotalika mamita 27, ndipo ntchito inagwiritsidwa ntchito zoposa 2 miliyoni zowonjezera wrappers. Iye sanaime pa zotsatira zomwe zinapindula ndipo akupitiriza kuonjezera kutalika kwa unyolo.
17. Kuchuluka kwa kutafuna chingamu
Zili zovuta kulingalira mabukuwa, koma chaka chilichonse pafupifupi matani 100 a kutafuna amagulidwa padziko lonse lapansi.
18. Zambiri zam'madzi
Bulu likuwombera anthu anayamba kuthamanga pambuyo pa kampani yotchuka "Bubble Bubble" yomwe inachitikira mpikisano wa televizioni. Ntchito ya otsogolera ndi kubodza chithunzithunzi chachikulu cha kutafuna chingamu. Zolemba, zomwe zinalembedwa ndi "ABC" ku US, zinali masentimita 58.5.Amerika Susan Montgomery adatha kupopera.
19. Chikoka chosazolowereka
Ku California, pakati pa okhalamo ndi alendo, khoma lafunafunafuna nsalu, komwe aliyense angathe kusiya chizindikiro, ndi wotchuka. Nsalu za kutafuna zimagwirizanitsidwa m'magawo angapo, ndipo zimapanga zolemba zachilendo. Zomangamanga izi sizinali zophweka, chifukwa zinayikidwa kuti anthu asayipitse njirayo ndi magulu otsekemera, omwe ndi ovuta kwambiri kuyeretsa. Palinso mawonekedwe ofanana ku Seattle, kumene makoma a Masewera a Msika akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kutafuna chingamu.
20. Kutaya chingamu ndiletsedwa
Pamene kuwonongeka kwa achinyamata kunakula chifukwa cha chuma chambiri ku Singapore, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, ogwira ntchito za boma anakumana ndi mavuto akuluakulu poyeretsa misewu ya m'misewu, zipangizo zam'mwamba ndi madera ena. Mu 1983, Pulezidenti adalimbikitsa kuthetsa tsaya, koma lamulo loletsedwa linayambika mu 1992. Apolisi amalanga aliyense amene anataya mawotchi otsekemera kapena maswiti pamalo ammudzi.
Chofunika cha mankhwalawa chacheperanso. Chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa kuchokera ku America mu 2004, boma la Singapore linapereka chilolezo ndikulola kugwiritsa ntchito kutafuna chingamu pofuna kuchiritsira. Oyendayenda sangathe kubweretsa mdziko maulendo oposa awiri a chewing gum, mwinamwake iwo angagwidwe pokakamizidwa.