Kodi mukuganiza kuti dongosolo la akapolo lapita kale? Izi siziri choncho. Zikuoneka kuti mankhwala ambiri a tsiku ndi tsiku amapezeka pozunza anthu. Tiyeni tiwone kumene agwiritsidwe ntchito akapolo.
Ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwa mafakitale, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono ndi makina, m'mayiko ena akupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito ya akapolo. Ndi anthu ochepa chabe omwe amawona kuti zinthu zomwe timakhala nazo tsiku ndi tsiku zidalengedwa ndi anthu ogwira ntchito zovuta komanso ngakhale kuzunzidwa ndi utsogoleri. Ndikhulupirire, zomwe zili pansipa, ngati sizidodometsa, zidzakudabwitsani motsimikiza.
1. Zikopa zosafunika
Bzinesi yomwe imapindulitsa kwambiri, imapanga makope a matchulidwe otchuka, ndipo amagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Ofufuzawo anapeza kuti msika wamakonowo umakhala madola 600 biliyoni. Iwo amadziwika kuti kapolo ndi ana amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi nthawi zina amachitira nkhanza. Panthawi ina, apolisi anapeza ana ang'onoang'ono ku fakitale ku Thailand, komwe eni ake anathyola miyendo kuti asathamange ndi kuphwanya chilango.
2. Zovala
M'mayiko ambiri a ku Asia kuli mafakitale oyenerera, omwe amalowa m'misika yathu ndi m'masitolo. Kuwona kuti ntchito ya ana ikugwira nawo ntchitoyi ndi yochititsa mantha. Izi ndizoletsedwa ndi lamulo, koma kufufuza kwachinsinsi kumasonyeza zosiyana. Vutoli ndi lovuta kwambiri kwa anthu a ku Bangladesh. M'dziko lomwelo, pali mafakitale ena omwe amawoneka kuti amavala zovala za kumadzulo, koma nthawi zambiri amatumiza makalata kwa makampani komwe akapolo amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa.
Pali nkhani zambiri zomwe zimanena za zovuta zogwira ntchito ku mabungwe oterowo, mwachitsanzo, mu 2014 mmodzi wa iwo anali ndi moto, koma oyang'anira sananene kanthu kwa antchito, koma anangozitsekera pakhomo, kusiya anthu kuti afe. Chaka chapitacho, ku Bangladesh, padenga denga linawonongeka m'modzi mwa mafakitale, zomwe zinapangitsa anthu oposa 1,000 kufa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake chizindikiro cha Disney chinachoka pamsika. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zovala za Walmart zidakalipo kuchokera ku mafakitale omwe ana amagwira ntchito.
3. Mpira
Kodi mukuganiza kuti matayala ndi mankhwala ena a raba amapangidwa mu mafakitale komwe mankhwala osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito? Ndipotu, amachokera ku minda ya mphira, komwe amachokera ku mtengo wapadera, kenako amachizidwa.
Ku Liberia, mphira ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri, koma eni ake omwe ali m'minda yamtunduwu akuwongolera antchito awo ngati akapolo. Kuonjezera apo, chidziwitso chimadziwika kuti minda ikuluikulu yambiri yotsamba ndi yomwe ili ndi nkhondo yakale yapachiweniweni ku Liberia, yomwe imawathandiza anthu ngati chuma, palibe china. Ngakhale wogulitsa chimanga cha Firestone amatsutsidwa ndi anthu kugula zipangizo za matayala awo kuchokera m'minda iyi, koma kasamalidwe samatsimikizira izi.
4. Madamondi
Ku Zimbabwe, boma lakhazikitsa ulamuliro wotsutsa, motsogoleredwa ndi Robert Mugabe, yemwe pamodzi ndi chipani chake adayambitsa ntchito yayikulu yopanga migodi ya diamondi, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito ntchito ya akapolo. Malingana ndi maumboni, mu nthawi yochepa, anthu mazana ambiri anali akapolo. Akapolo amachotsa miyala yamtengo wapatali, yomwe imagulitsidwa kuti apeze chuma cha Mugabe.
Chokoleti
Chokondweretsa kwambiri cha anthu akuluakulu ndi ana, chomwe chimagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi, chikuchokera ku nyemba za kakao. Ziwerengero zimasonyeza kuti kusuta kwa chokoleti kumawonjezeka chaka chilichonse, chomwe chimasokoneza asayansi ku lingaliro lakuti m'tsogolomu padzakhala nthawi pamene zokoma izi zidzakhala zoperewera ndipo sizidzakhala zophweka kuzipeza.
Zikuoneka kuti nyemba zimakula m'madera ochepa okha, ndipo lero anthu ambiri ogula malonda amagula nyemba ku malo omwe ali ku Ivory Coast. Makhalidwe ogwira ntchito m'maderawa ndi owopsya, ndipo ntchito ya ana imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pano. Kuonjezera apo, pali ziwerengero zambiri za mauthenga omwe ana ambiri amalandidwa. Ochita kafukufuku anafika pozindikira kuti zochuluka zapadziko lapansi zimachokera pa ntchito yaukapolo ya ana.
6. Chakudya Chakudya
Tsiku lililonse la ku Britain The Guardian inachita kafukufuku kuti athetse mavuto a ukapolo m'makampani a shrimp. Analowa mu famu yaikulu ku Thailand yotchedwa SR Foods. Kampaniyi imapereka chakudya cha nsomba ku makampani akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti CP Chakudya sichigwiritsa ntchito antchito makamaka, monga nsomba zimachokera kwa ogulitsa omwe akuphatikizapo akapolo kuntchito.
Anthu osamukira kudziko lina, akufunitsitsa kupeza ndalama, kugwira ntchito m'nyanja, kupanga zophika. Amakhala pamabwato, ndipo samathawa, amangidwa ndi unyolo. Ziwerengero zimasonyeza kuti Thailand imakhala ndi malo otsogolera padziko lonse pa malonda a anthu. Olemba nyuzipepala anatsimikiza kuti ngati boma lingadzipatse okha kutumiza anthu othawa kwawo kuntchito, zinthu zidzakonzedwa.
7. Nkhonya
Ku UK, mafakitale oletsedwa kuntchito akukula kwambiri, kuphatikizapo ntchito za ana, komanso ana akuchokera ku Vietnam. Amalonda, pofika ku malo osauka a ku Vietnam, akulonjeza makolo awo kuti angatenge ana awo kulemera kwa Britain, kumene adzakhala ndi moyo wosangalala.
Chifukwa chake, ana akugwera ukapolo. Iwo sangadandaule, chifukwa ndi zoletsedwa, koma abwana amaopseza kupha makolo awo. Panthawi yozunzidwa, ana a ku Vietnam ali m'ndende. Pali ngakhale bungwe la "Ana a malonda a Cannabis", omwe akufuna kuti anthu amvetsetse vutoli.
8. Mafuta a palmu
Mayiko ambiri aku Asia, komanso m'madera ena padziko lapansi ndi mafuta a kanjedza, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, m'makampani odzola komanso popanga mafuta. Asayansi amanena kuti kupanga mankhwalawa kumayambitsa chilengedwe, koma si vuto lokha, chifukwa ntchito ya akapolo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Zambiri zomwe zili ku Borneo ndi North Sumatra.
Pofuna kupeza ogwira ntchito yosamalira mbewu, abzala amalowetsa mgwirizano ndi makampani akunja, zomwe sizikutanthauza kulamulidwa ndi malamulo. Anthu amagwira ntchito mwakhama pafupifupi masiku angapo, ndipo amawakwapula chifukwa choswa malamulo. Makampani odziŵika nthaŵi zambiri amalandira makalata ndi machenjezo okwiya kuti agwirizane ndi makontrakita omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ntchito yaukapolo.
9. Zamagetsi
Ku China, pali fakitale yotchuka kwambiri ya zamagetsi Foxconn, yomwe imapanga zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi kusonkhanitsa mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri kwa makampani ena, omwe amaigulitsa pamsika wawo. Dzina la bizinesiyi limangowonjezereka mu nkhani, ndipo molakwika, monga momwe limalembera mobwerezabwereza kuphwanya kokhudzana ndi ntchito ya anthu. Anthu omwe ali mmundawa amagwira ntchito nthawi yochuluka (mpaka maola 100 pa sabata), nthawi zambiri amachedwa malipiro. Mmodzi sangathe kulemba zochitika zoopsa zomwe zingathe kufanana ndi ndende.
Pamene mavuto adapezeka, makampani ambiri a zamagetsi a ku America adalangidwa, adakakamizidwa kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito, pakati pa ophwanya malamulowo anali chizindikiro cha Apple. Ngakhale kuti ayesa kusintha zinthu, zinthu zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Malingana ndi zomwe zilipo, chifukwa cha zovuta zogwirira ntchito, anthu adadzipha mwa kudumpha kuchokera padenga la kampaniyo, choncho utsogoleri wa Foxconn unayika maukonde pansipa. Kampaniyi, antchito sanapatsedwe ngakhale mipando kuti asatuluke. Pambuyo potsutsidwa kwambiri, mipando ina inatulutsidwa, koma anthu akhoza kukhala pa iwo 1/3 okha.
10. Makampani opanga zolaula
Msika waukulu kwambiri wa ukapolo ndi kugonana, komwe amai ambiri ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana osawuka akukhudzidwa. Pali zidziwitso kuti zaka zaposachedwa pakhala mafunde ambiri a ukapolo wa anthu. Pakati pawo, akazi ambiri adabedwa kuchokera ku Colombia, Dominican Republic ndi Nigeria. Deta yomwe ikupezeka ikuwonetsa kuti zaka zaposachedwapa, akazi ochokera m'mayiko omwe kale anali a USSR agwera muukapolo, kuphatikizapo zolaula.