Pafupifupi munda uliwonse wa zipatso umakula mitengo ya apulo, yomwe matenda ambiri ndi nkhanambo. Sichikhudza moyo wa mtengo wokha, koma umachepetsa zokololazo ndipo zimapangitsa kuti chipatsocho chikhale chochepa.
Kodi nkhanambo pamtengo wa apulo imawoneka bwanji?
Kumapeto kwa maluwa mu May pa masamba akuwoneka mdima, pang'onopang'ono kumera mawanga ndi velvety zokometsera zokutira. Matenda okhudzidwa amatha kufa, ndipo pakati pa chilimwe pali kutaya kwa masamba a mtengo. Izi zimakhudza zoipa osati zokolola za chaka chomwecho, komanso mapangidwe a zipatso.
Kugonjetsedwa kwa chipatso kumayamba ndi mapangidwe a ovary. Amakhala ndi mawanga ozungulira kapena ozungulira, ophimbidwa ndi maolivi. Kumayambiriro kwa malo ochepa, ndiye kuti amakula kwambiri. Pamapatso pansi pa mawanga timakhala timene timapangidwira, zomwe zimalepheretsa bowa kuti alowe mkati mwa mwana. Anakhudza kwambiri zipatso zakugwa, ndipo otsalawo amakhala amodzi. Ngati matendawa afika mochedwa, ndiye pa nthawi yokolola, zizindikiro za matenda a apulo, nkhanambo sizimawoneka, koma imawonekera nthawi yosungirako: mawanga amdima amaoneka pa zipatso, izi zimachepetsa kuchepetsa zipatso. Pa nthawi yomweyi, maapulo wathanzi sangatenge kachilomboka.
Pa mphukira, kugonjetsedwa kwa nkhanambo kumawonetseredwa ndi maonekedwe a kanyumba kakang'ono kamene kameneka kamene kang'ambika, kamene kamakhala kang'ambika, kupangitsa kuti khungulo likaswe, kuphulika, ndi mphukira zowonongeka zimafota.
Matendawa amayamba kwambiri mvula, t. Spores wa causative wothandizira matendawa kumera mwa madzi sing'anga. Zimanyamula ndi mphepo, tizilombo ndi mvula. Mankhwalawa amatha kupulumuka pa masamba akugwa, zipatso za matenda ndi mu khungwa la mphukira zakukhudzidwa.
Njira zolimbana ndi nkhanambo pamapulo
Njira zolimbana ndi matendawa ndi:
- chithandizo cha nkhanambo pa apulo;
- Njira yoteteza maapulo ku nkhanambo.
Momwe mungaperekere maapulo kuchokera ku nkhanambo?
Pochiza nkhanambo pochiza mitengo ya apulo, kupopera mbewu mankhwala osiyanasiyana ndi othandizira angagwiritsidwe ntchito, kusankha komwe
- zimadalira nthawi ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito:
- Gwiritsani ntchito mabwalo - 10% yankho la ammonium nitrate ;
- pa maluwa ikuphulika 3.0% Bordeaux fluid (ngati yotentha kwambiri, ndiye mugwiritse ntchito 1% yankho);
- pamene masamba amaoneka - 1.0% Bordeaux madzi, mchere wa kloridi, Kuprosilom, Rubigan, Strobi;
- Pambuyo pa maluwa - fungicides Skor, Rubigan, Horus, Sistan, Ditan;
- mutatha kukolola: mtengo wokha - 4-5% urea yankho, ndi masamba ogwa ndi nthaka pansi pa mtengo 7% urea yankho.
Zomwe zingateteze apulo ku nkhanambo:
- kuwonongeka kwa magwero a matenda (masamba, zipatso);
- kulengedwa kwa zinthu zovuta kuti chitukuko chikhale chonchi (osati kumatira, kuyeretsa bwino ndi dzuwa kuunika kwa korona);
- Kulima mizere pakati pa mizere, kukumba mu mitengo ikuluikulu yomwe ili ndi masamba ofa.
- chifukwa chosalola matenda oyamba a matendawa m'mbuyomu nyengo isanayambike mphukira yotseguka, mankhwala ndi 1% yankho la DNOC kapena pa korona wobiriwira ndi 3% yothetsera Bordeaux fluid;
- Tincture wa adyo (200-300 g wa adyo akanadulidwa, kutsanulira 2 malita a madzi otentha, amaumirira maola 24 ndi mavuto, kuchepetsa ndi 8 malita a madzi ozizira ndi kuwonjezera 30 g wa sopo yophika zovala).
Kufunika kwakukulu kolimbana ndi nkhanambo pa mitengo ya apulo ali ndi kusankha kosakanikirana. Izi zikuphatikizapo Perlina wa Kiev, Amulet, Oder, Tsyganochka, Reina, Sava, Ufulu, Odra, Rubinola, Topaz, Revena, Prima, Priscilla, Florina, Liberty, Syrpray.
Ngati mukufuna kutenga zokolola zokoma ndi zokongola kuchokera kumunda wanu, ndiye mwa nthawi yake muyenera kusamalira mitengo yanu ya apulo ku nkhanambo.