Mu nkhondo yosatha ndi kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata, anthu amaiwala kuti tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono sitigone ndipo zingabweretse mavuto aakulu m'munda wamaluwa. Zina mwa izo zimafuna njira yapadera zogonjera, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yapadera mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Ndibwino kuti tiphunzire mofulumira mitundu ya tizirombo izi ndi njira zomwe zilipo zowonongeka.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mavitamini
Mitengo ya tizilombo tokira mbatata chaka chilichonse, kuwonongeka kwa mizu padziko lapansi kumachokera ku 6.5%, ndipo pamalo owonongeka anthu ambiri alibe mbewu. Kuphatikiza pa chibwibwi cha Colorado chodyera, paliworworms, nematodes, mbozi ndi mphutsi zomwe zimafunikira chidwi cha alimi a ndiwo zamasamba. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, momwe mungagwirire ndi tizirombo toyambitsa mbatata, popanda njira yowonjezera komanso njira zothandizira pazomwe mukudzala tubers simungathe kuchita.
Chilomboka cha mbatata cha Colorado
Kuwona tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo pa mabedi ndi losavuta, anthu akuluakulu mpaka 12 mm kukula amakhala ndi mzere wofiira wamtundu wakuda, ndipo mphutsi zawo za m'badwo wachiwiri zimajambulidwa ndi zofiira. Kusakaniza mbatata kuchokera ku Colorado kachilomboka sikungathe kuwononga tizilombo zomwe zimabweretsa panthawi yoyendayenda. Chimodzi mwa tizirombo timabisala pang'onopang'ono pansi, kupeŵa tizilombo, ndikukwera mmwamba, ndikuyesa kuti tidye nsongazo. Zinthuzi zikuwonjezeredwa ndi mphamvu yoopsya ya nyongolotsi, yomwe inaphunzira mwamsanga kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Mankhwala ogwira ntchito motsutsana ndi kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata:
- Aktara ,
- Tanrek,
- Mphezi,
- Apaches,
- Taboo,
- Kutchuka,
- Corado,
- Colorado,
- Mtsogoleri,
- Sonnet.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kachilomboka:
- Batsikol,
- Fitoverm,
- Agravertin,
- Bithoxybacillin,
- Aktofit.
Mankhwala a mtundu wa kachilomboka:
- Kutulutsa nsonga ndi phulusa, simenti kapena gypsum.
- Kupopera mbewu zitsamba ndi decoctions ndi infusions. Mosiyana, masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mtedza, celandine, mpendadzuwa, dandelion, chitsamba chowawa, masamba a phwetekere, gorchak.
- Kulima m'mipata ya zomera-zowonongeka - marigolds, nkhaka udzu, hemp, nasturtium, coriander, marigold, matthiol.
Tizilombo toza mbatata
Tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo timene timayang'ana kumbali ya Colorado nyamakazi sichidziŵika kwambiri, ngakhale anthu ammudzi amayamba kusamala kwambiri ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali ndi mutu wofiira. Pakati pa akuluakulu, mphukira imatha kutalika kwa 15-20 mm, thupi limakhala lofufumitsa komanso lopapatiza, mtundu wa thunthu ndi wakuda, mzere wofiira wautali umapezeka pa elytra. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala ndi chitetezo chotsutsana ndi adani, kutulutsa poizoni pangozi, poizoni ngakhale nyama yaikulu, kotero simungathe kukanikiza pensulo m'manja.
Mphutsi ya phalanx ndi yopanda phindu, ndipo anthu akuluakulu akhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri zokolola pamabedi. Mbalame zosaoneka bwino - tizirombo ta mbatata ndi mbewu zina zothandiza, kudya beets, tirigu, soya, nyemba, mavwende ndi mavwende. Pofuna kuthana ndi pint, tikuyenera kuthetsa namsongole m'minda, tifunikire kugula, kugwiritsa ntchito Match, Karate ndi zina zomwe zilipo.
Tsinde nematode wa mbatata
Manatodes akuluakulu - mphutsi zing'onozing'ono mpaka 1 mm kutalika, zomwe zimakhala mu tubers ndi pansi. M'malo osungiramo katundu ndi malo osungiramo katundu, tizirombo ta mbatata timatha kusunthira ndi kulandira mankhwala athanzi. Zomera zoonongeka zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, matenda opatsirana ndi mabakiteriya. Mu chilimwe, kuwonjezera pa tubers, masamba ndi zimayambira akuvutika ndi nematode, mitundu yoyambirira imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi tizilombo.
Kodi n'zotheka kuthetsa mbatata ya nematode, momwe mungagwirire ndi tizilombo towononga? Mitundu yambiri yosamvetsetsana yomwe imatha kulima pa malo amodzi kwa nyengo zingapo - Desnitsa, Sante, Freska, Aspia, Belorussky-3, Shurminsky-2, ayimilira. Apo ayi, ndizofunikira kuti mukhale ndi zina zotchedwa Solanaceae ndi zikhalidwe zina. Kuyamba kwa zinthu zakuthupi padziko lapansi kumalimbikitsa kuchulukitsa kwa mphutsi za annelid, zomwe zimawononga nematodes. Mungagwiritse ntchito Nemabakt ndi zina zotchedwa bioinsecticides zomwe zingagwire ntchito m'nthaka.
Tizilombo ta mbatata wireworm
Zipangizo za wireworms zimatchedwa mphutsi za mbozi, zomwe zimapezeka paliponse. Pakati pa mphutsi ali ndi zaka 5 ndipo amatsogolera moyo ngati mawonekedwe achikasu kapena ofiira aatali mpaka 2.5 masentimita. Amakhala ndi thupi lolimba kwambiri, lomwe ndi lovuta kuthyola kapena kuphulika ndi zala. Mu mbatata ndi mizu ina, midzi ya wireworms imathamanga m'matanthwe othamanga, chifukwa cha zomwe zipatso zimavunda ndikusowa maonekedwe awo okongola.
Kulimbana ndi Ma waya a mbatata:
- Kuchotsa namsongole.
- Bzalani malo okhudzidwa ndi nyemba.
- Bzalani mpiru, mafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito opangira mafuta, buckwheat.
- Pewani kubzala wandiweyani.
- Yesetsani kuchepetsa acidity ya nthaka mwa kupereka chofunikira chokwanira cha choko, phulusa, laimu.
- Kulima m'magulu a maracolds.
- Chitani chakumba chakuya cha dziko kumapeto kwa autumn.
- Njira tubers ndi mankhwala amatanthauza - Kutchuka , Taboo ndi ena.
- Dulani dothi mumabowo mutabzala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda .
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Kuwoneka mwachilendo komanso mowopsya tizilombo ta mbatata wotchedwa chimbalangondo . Amakhala ndi thupi lalikulu kwambiri mpaka lamita 15 masentimita m'litali, chipolopolo cholimba, nsagwada zazikulu, ziphuphu zoopsa, masewera aatali. Zamoyo zoopsazi zimakhala m'nthaka, koma mapiko amakhala, pogwiritsa ntchito maulendo a usiku. Mphutsi yaing'ono yofiira ndi yojambula imvi, yooneka ngati wamkulu.
Chimbalangondo pa mbatata chimakhala choopsa kwa zomera, chimakumba chimasuntha ndi kuwononga zonse panjira. Tizilombo timayambitsa nkhaka, saladi, kabichi, beet, tirigu, pafupifupi mbewu zina za m'munda. Pofuna kuwononga zowonongeka, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito misampha ngati maenje ndi manyowa, kumene akazi amakoka kukonzekera kuyala. Mukhoza kudzaza mabowo ndi sopo yothetsera kapena madzi ndi mafuta a mafuta (100 g ya parafini pa 10 malita a madzi).
Mankhwala otsutsana ndi chimbalangondo:
- Medtotox,
- Bingu,
- Boverin,
- Grizzly,
- Bancol.
Mbatata njenjete
Chovulaza chachikulu sichimabweretsedwe ndi agulugufe otsekemera, koma ndi mphutsi zoyera kapena zachikasu mpaka 1.5 masentimita m'litali. Iwo abzalidwa mu nthaka kapena mbatata yosungirako, kubisala muming'alu ya makoma, pansi kapena grilles. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kudula mumatope ndikusiya mkati mwawo. Mbozi yotentha m'chilimwe ikhoza kuwononga masamba, kulowa muzitsamba, ndiyeno imatsikira m'nthaka ndikudyera pafupi ndi chipatsocho.
Njira za njenjete ya mbatata:
- kubzala kwakukulu kwa tubers,
- kuphimba kubzala ndi nthaka kuposa 5 masentimita pamene hilling,
- kutulutsa tubers,
- kupukuta nsonga pamene agulugufe akuwoneka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda,
- Pofuna kukonza makoma ndi pansi pamagulu a masamba Karbofosom kapena mwa njira zina,
- onetsetsani zokolola ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Nsabwe za m'masamba pa mbatata
Mitundu yambiri ya nsabwe za m'masamba ikhoza kukhala ndi zomera zowonongeka: pichesi, kuphwanya, kuphwanya, wamba ndi wamkulu mbatata. Tizilombo tizilombo tating'ono timakula mofulumira, timabereka mpaka mibadwo 20 mu nyengo yabwino. Iwo samangoyamwa madzi a zomera basi, amakhala pambali mwa tsamba, komanso amatenga nthendayi pamodzi ndi phula. Chinthu choyamba chomwe wolima masamba osadziŵa amafuna kudziwa pamene akuwona nsabwe za m'masamba pa mbatata ndi momwe angachotsere tizilombo toopsya. Pali njira zingapo zothana ndi atsopano pang'ono.
Kukonzekera nsabwe za m'masamba:
- B-58 Watsopano,
- Danadim,
- Pirimor,
- Ziperkil.
Mbatata zambiri - zizindikiro
Zikhalidwe zochititsa chidwi zimayambitsa mitundu yambiri ya ziphuphu - nyengo yozizira, yofala ndi mbatata. Zimayambitsa mbewu zowonongeka, strawberries, chimanga, raspberries ndi masamba ena. Ngati mumadziwa zomwe njenjete ya mbatata imawoneka, mungathe kusiyanitsa mosavuta. Gulugufe amaoneka osasangalatsa, mtundu wa mapikowo ndi wonyezimira, wachikasu kapena wachikasu. M'kati mwa mapiko, njenjete imatha kufika 45 mm. Fosholo yoyamba ya mbozi imachokera pa April mpaka kumapeto kwa kasupe.
Mbozi yamatchire ndi yaikulu, mpaka 45 mm kutalika, kuwala kofiira kapena minofu yofiira, ndi mzere wofiira pa thupi. Zimayambitsa zimayambira, zomwe zimawombera pang'onopang'ono. Kenaka, mbozi imakhazikika mu tubers, yopanga zipatso za chipindamo, kumene imakhala, imadyetsa ndikuyikira. Kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa kumatentha mpaka kumapeto kwa nthaka. Pofuna kuchitira mbatata motsutsana ndi zonyansa, pali zida zotsatirazi:
- Fufanon,
- Actellik ,
- Inta-C-M,
- dothi (kugwiritsa ntchito laimu kapena ufa wa dolomite ku 0,8 g / m²).