Mbewu ya Stapelia ndi ya gulu losatha losakaniza. Mu chilengedwe chimakula ku South-West Africa pamapiri a mapiri, m'malo omwe amameta mitengo, pafupi ndi mafuta. Chikhalidwe chimatchedwa dzina la Dutch botanist ndi dokotala Johannes van Stapel.
Maluwa a Stalapia - ndondomeko
Chomeracho chadziwika chifukwa cha kukongola kwake kodabwitsa kwa maluwa aakulu, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "nyanja" kapena "nyenyezi ya sheriff". Tsatanetsatane wa chikhalidwe:
- Stapelia ndi maluwa owopsa a panyumba - zokoma (muziyambira zimaphatikizapo chinyezi) 10-60 masentimita pamwamba, ndi zinyama zambiri zamphuno, zomwe zimakongoletsedwa ndi mankhwala pambali zinayi. Magulu amapezeka mumtambo, wofiira, wofiira, wobiriwira, palibe masamba m'mitengo.
- Corolla yatsala, ili ndi mapaundi asanu. Zojambulajambula zimapezeka variegated (pambali ya udzu mdima wakuda), zofiirira, zofiira-bulauni, zojambulidwa ndi zosiyana za scorpions ndi mikwingwirima.
- Pamodzi ndi zokopa, maluwawo amakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa, lomwe limakopa ntchentche kuti azipaka mungu.
Kodi Stapel ikuphuka liti?
Mitengo ya ku Africa imakula pakati pa August, kupitirira mpaka kumapeto kwa Oktoba. Rosette imatenga masiku angapo, maluwa ena nthawi yomweyo amalowa m'malo mwake. Pambuyo pake, chipatsochi chimapangidwa pambewu ndi mbewu zambiri. M'madera abwino okhalapo, Stapelia ikhoza kusangalatsa nyenyezi zowala nthawi iliyonse ya chaka. Monga kuthengo, chomera chimafuna mpumulo. Pamene kutentha kumachepetsa ndipo ulimi wothirira umachepetsedwa, rosettes "amagona". Chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa dzuwa, zomera zimayambira ndikuyamba kuphuka.
Mitundu ya Stapelia
Chomeracho chimamaliza kukongola kwa chipindacho, kukondweretsa ndi kukongola kwake. Stapelia ili ngati chomera cha ampel, chitsamba chake chimachokera kuzu, kukopa nthambi zothamanga zomwe zimangoyenderera mumphika ndikukwera mofulumira. Chofunika kwambiri cha mbewu ndizovuta kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo zimasinthidwa kuti zikhale zoweta, nthawi zambiri pazenerazi zimakhala zazikulu, zofiira, zofiira zaubweya ndi corollas kuyambira 5 mpaka 35 masentimita awiri, malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana.
Stapelia mottled
Kamphindi kakang'ono kufika masentimita 10, ndi emerald, nthawizina mabulosi ofiirira amakhala ndi nkhope zosaoneka bwino. Maluwa ali pansi pamtunda umodzi mpaka asanu, kulumikiza 5-8 masentimita awiri, wathyathyathya. Petals ndi ovate, katatu, amawongolera ndipo amatsindika. Kunja kuli kosalala, mkati mwa makwinya, wachikasu, ophimbidwa ndi zosiyana ndi mdima wofiirira wosagwirizana kapena mabala. Stapelia variegated mu chisamaliro mosamalitsa, mosavuta kusintha kwa zovuta. Maluwa amamera m'nyengo ya chilimwe, amachititsa kuti kununkha kuneneke.
Stapelia yaikulu-yakwera
Chomerachi ndi stapelia yaikulu-yomwe imakula nthawi yaitali, imakula zomera zobiriwira za tetrahedral zomwe zimakhala zosawerengeka. Pamunsi mwa mphukira m'chilimwe duwa limapangidwa ndi maluwa otsetsereka a lanceolate onga starfish. Iwo ndi burgundy kapena wofiirira, ophimbidwa ndi silvery villi. Corolla m'mimba mwake 15-25 masentimita, maluwa amatha kufika masiku asanu, panthawi imeneyi zomera zimatulutsa nyama yakuvunda.
Stapelia Grandiflora
Mitengo yam'madzi stapelia Grandiflora ndi yaikulu-flowered - iyi ndi mitundu yofanana. Amakopa chidwi ndi maluwa aakulu ofiira asanu omwe ali ndi mdima wofiira, omwe amaoneka ndi mitsempha yaing'ono. Kutalika kwa mphukira kumafikira 20-25 masentimita, rosettes ali atakulungidwa pa nthawi ya kukula ndikupeza choyambirira nyenyezi mawonekedwe.
Stapelia Guernia
Gernia yosatha imakhala ndi minofu yambiri ya tetrahedral, yosaoneka bwino. Maluwa ake ali olimba ngati Sera, 2 cm mwake, wooneka ngati belu, burgundy mkati, woyera kunja. Mankhusu mu guernia ndi ophatikizana kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina, ndipo sakuwululidwa kwambiri. Stapel yotere kunyumba ndi nthambi yaikulu, ikukula bwino. Maluwa okongola, guernia amatha kusangalatsa kwambiri chaka chonse. Fungo losasangalatsa limamveketsa ngati mukuyandikira chomera mwachindunji.
Stapelia Gigantea
Chomeracho chimakhala ndi minofu yaitali mpaka 20 cm ndi deep grooves. Pakati pa maluwa, Giant Stapelia imapanga 1-2 kukula pakati pa achibale a duwa, mpaka 35 masentimita awiri. Volosisty (ali ndi white villi, atakhala ndi chifiira chofiira) maluwa asanu-petalled amakhala ojambulidwa mumthunzi wonyezimira. Mphepete mwa maluwawo amadzipangidwira kwambiri ndipo amathyoledwa mwamphamvu, nsonga zingathe kuphwanyika. Ubwino wa mtundu uwu ndikuti sunatchulidwe chosasangalatsa fungo.
Stapelia Variegata
Chomera cha variegated stapel ndi mitundu ya Variegata ndi chimodzimodzi ndi chikhalidwe chomwecho. Ali ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira zomwe zimayambira popanda nthiti, ndi mano okhota. Mu gawo, akuwombera kupanga mawonekedwe ozungulira nthawi zonse. Bright, mottled chikasu maluwa ndi bulauni mawanga ndi flattened corollas. Pakatikati iwo ali ndi mphete yowonongeka, yomwe ili ndi mapaundi ang'onoang'ono atatu. Pali mitundu yambiri ya variegate chikhalidwe, yosiyana ndi mtundu wa kufalikira stellate maluwa ndi wodzigudubuza pakati.
Maluwa okongola a stapelia - kulima ndi kusamalira
Mofanana ndi zowonjezera zambiri, chomera cha stapel sichifunikira kusamala kwambiri, kotero ndi choyenera kwa anthu osadziwa zambiri kapena otanganidwa. Koma pali zina zosavuta kumusamalira, zimadalira nthawi ya chaka. Mfundo zazikulu zikukula:
- Kutentha kwakukulu ndi 20-27 ° С mu chilimwe ndi 12-15 ° С m'nyengo yozizira. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa autumn, chomera chimafuna mpumulo. Iye akulimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa kutentha kwa zomwe zili ndi kuchepetsa kuthirira. Chipinda chosungunuka ndi malo abwino panthawi yopuma ya "starfish" kuyambira kumapeto kwa November mpaka kumayambiriro kwa March. Kumeneko, zomera zokhala ndi madzi okwanira zimakhala bwino nthawi isanakwane.
- Kwa kanyumba kakum'mwera, kuyatsa bwino n'kofunika ndi kuchuluka kwa dzuwa lachindunji, mwinamwake zimayambira kukhala wochepa thupi. M'masiku otentha kwambiri ndi bwino kuti pritenit, kotero kuti mphukira sichiwotha. Kawirikawiri funso loti n'chifukwa chiyani stapel sichimasintha, yankho lagona pa kusowa kwaunikira kapena zakudya.
- "Nyenyezi" imadziuza mwiniwake ngati pali dzuwa kwambiri - nsonga za mphukira zake zimayamba kusuntha.
- Mbalame imafika pang'onopang'ono, imabala mosiyana - imatuluka kumalo a dzuwa. Chotsatira chake, chitsamba chimakhala chokwera mbali imodzi ndipo chimachokera ku chimzake. Pofuna kupewa izi, muyenera kutembenuza mbaleyo mozungulira kuzungulira mzere wake. Koma panthawi ya maluwa kuti muteteze chomera chikugwetsa masamba, ndibwino kuti musachite izi.
- Kutentha kwa mpweya sikofunikira kwa "starfish" yomwe imadziwika bwino ku Africa, imakhala bwino mumdima wouma.
- Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa chomera ndi mbozi ya mealy . Saganizire kudya minofu yamchere yokoma. Chikumbuchi chiyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa ndi tizilombo ndikuyika mu thumba la cellophane kwa masiku angapo.
Kubzala kwa Stapelia
Chomeracho chili ndi mizu yosasinthika ndipo imafuna mphika waukulu. Mphamvu yachitatu iyenera kukhala ndi ngalande - yowonjezera dongo, zidutswa za pulasitiki, thovu. Ndikofunika kuteteza waterlogging m'nthaka, zomwe zingachititse kuvunda kwa thunthu. Nthaka ya chomera imafuna kuwala, kupuma komanso kumasuka. Gothi lodzala likhoza kukonzedwa kuchokera ku magawo awiri a ngalande ndi mchenga umodzi wosambitsidwa. Ali ndi mpweya wabwino komanso madzi abwino komanso osalimba.
Pakuti rooting ndi yoyenera komanso sitolo kusakaniza kwa zokometsera, zomwe zimawonjezera makala - zimateteza nthaka kuti ikhale yovunda ndi tizirombo. Chomera chochepa chaching'ono chikufunika chaka chilichonse, chimachitika m'chaka. Maluwa a zaka ziwiri ndi zitatu akudodometsa zaka zingapo. Zaka zambiri zimasintha zowonongeka, kuchotsani mphukira yakale pakati, popeza sichidzasintha. Pambuyo pake, chomeracho sichiyenera kuthiriridwa masiku 7-10 - ndi bwino kumvetsetsa. Succulent imakula mofulumira, maluwa amawoneka pa mphukira zazing'ono.
Stapelia - kuthirira
Akafunsidwa chifukwa chake chakudya chimakhala chofewa ndi makwinya, yankho lake likhoza kukhala lopitirira, ndipo chifukwa chake mizu yawonongeka ndi kuvunda. Chomeracho sichikhoza kupirira - zimayambira kutembenuka, zimakhala zosavuta ndikuyamba kutha. Kuchokera mu March mpaka Oktoba, Stapelia imathiridwa moyenera (pafupifupi kamodzi pa milungu iwiri) - nthaka pakati pa chinyezi iyenera kuuma mpaka pansi pa mphika. Panthawi ina chomeracho chimadzaza kwambiri, koma madzi akuyenera kusamuka, mwinamwake mizu ya "starfish" ikhoza kutha.
M'dzinja zomera zimakhala ndi nthawi yopumula. Choncho, kuyambira mwezi wa October kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kamodzi pamwezi, mwezi wa December ndi January, chitsamba sichikhoza kusungunuka konse. Panthawiyi, tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti chomeracho sichimauma komanso kuti chigawo chake sichimawoneka. Chisamaliro choyenera pa nthawi yopumula chidzatsimikizira kuoneka kokongola kwa "nyenyezi". Pambuyo pa mphukirayi, anthu omwe ali okondwa amafuna kuthirira, ntchentche pa nthawi ya maluwa sichifunikira chisamaliro chapadera - imayaka ngati nthaka ikuuma. Madzi okwanira amafunikira zofewa, siziyenera kuzizira.
Cactus Stapelia - apamwamba kuvala
Manyowa amchere amathandiza kwambiri maluwa a Stapelia, chisamaliro cha kunyumba chimaphatikizapo kasupe ndi kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yopuma. Amadyetsedwa pamasitepewa milungu iwiri iliyonse ndi ming'anga yapadera kwa cacti kapena mchere wothira mankhwala. Mitundu yoyenera ndi Agricola, Florovit, Pokon, Bona Forte. M'nyengo yozizira, zomera sizimadyetsedwa. Stapelia imathandizira bwino feteleza a potashi, chifukwa cha iwo imayamba kukana matenda.
Stapelia - kubereka
Mukhoza kufalitsa mbewu mu njira zitatu:
- Mbewu. Zikuwoneka muzitsamba za zipatso pa "nyenyezi yamchere" chaka chonse. Nkhumba zimasonkhanitsidwa, zimakhala ndi ziphuphu zamtundu, zomwe zimayenera kuchotsedwa. Mbewu imayima theka la ora mu njira yothetsera potaziyamu permanganate, imafesedwa pamtunda wosiyana pa nthaka yochepa, pambuyo pa milungu 3-4 imamera. Atasankha thunthu, amafesedwa miphika 6 masentimita.
- Stapelia - kuchulukitsa mofulumira ndi cuttings. Mageremusi amachotsedwa ku mphukira yakale. Asanadzalemo, amafota masana, atabzalidwa mu gawo lopangidwa ndi mchenga wochuluka ndi kuwonjezera pa zingwe za peat. Pakadutsa masiku 7 mpaka 10 kutentha kwa 20 ° C, mizu imaonekera pa cuttings. Mbande zazikulu zimaikidwa mu miphika 7 masentimita. Maonekedwe a dziko lapansi adzakhala ofanana ndi mbewu za mbewu. Cuttings ziyenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku chomera cha mayi, chimene chayamba kale. Mwana wamkazi wa chitsamba ndiye ndikobwino kumangiriza masamba anu.
- Mwa kugawa chitsamba. Patsikulo, chitsamba cha amai chikhoza kugawidwa mu zomera zingapo, zomwe zimabzalidwa mu chidebe chogawanika.
Maonekedwe a dziko lapansi ndi awa: turf, tsamba, mchenga (1: 2: 1), kuphatikizapo 1 mbali yamakala ndi mandimu (1: 8). Chaka chotsatira achinyamata mphukira amaikidwa mu masentimita 7. Khalani ndi "starfish" mwamsanga. Tiyenera kukhala okonzeka kuti chomera chochepa sichimawoneka ngati chomera cha makolo, chifukwa mitanda ya Stapelia bwino. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, chiwombankhanga cha dziko lapansi sichiyenera kuuma. Chomeracho chimayamba kuchokera ku mbewu mu chaka chachitatu kapena chachinai cha moyo.