Nyumba zachifumu za Vatican ndizochititsa chidwi kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zikuphatikizapo: Nyumba ya Atumwi , Belvedere Palace , Sistine Chapel , Library ya Vatican , nyumba zosungiramo zinyumba, mapemphero, maofesi a Katolika. Nyumba zachifumu za Vatican sizinthu zofanana, koma nyumba zolimba ndi nyumba zomwe zikuimira chiwerengero chosagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Nyumba ya Atumwi
Akatswiri a mbiri yakale mpaka lero sanakhale ndi lingaliro lomveka bwino ponena za tsiku limene chiyambi cha kumanga Nyumba ya Atumwi. Akatswiri ena a mbiri yakale amanena kuti masiku a ulamuliro wa Constantine Wamkulu adzakhala malo ochepa chabe, pomwe ena amafanana ndi malo omwe atumwi anakhalamo nthawi ya Simmach (m'zaka za zana la 6 AD). Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kwa nthawi ndithu Nyumba ya Atumwi inalibe kanthu, koma pambuyo pa ukapolo wa Avignon, apapa a Vatican adakhalanso "nyumba" ya apapa.
M'zaka za zana la XV, Papa Nicholas V analimbikitsa kumanga nyumba yachifumu. Okonzanso ndi omanga nyumba adayambanso kumanga mapiko a kumpoto, popanda kuwononga makoma akale. Nyumbayi pambuyo pake anaphatikizapo malo a Raphael ndi nyumba za Borgia.
Pansi pa nyumbayi munasintha malo awiri pa nsanja ya asilikali, yomwe inadzatchedwa "Nikkolina", tk. Kwa kanthawi, chapelinali ndi mphunzitsi wa Nicholas V. Wolemekezeka wa Dominican, wojambula Fra Beato Angelico, adakongoletsa chapemphero pamodzi ndi wophunzira wa B. Gozotsoli. Makoma atatu a chapemphero akufotokoza za nkhani za moyo wa oyera Lorenzo ndi Stefan, khoma lachinayi kenaka linakhala guwa la nsembe.
Cha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, Papa Alexander VI Borgia anapempha katswiri wojambula zithunzi kuti Pinturicchio apange zipinda zake zomwe zinali ndi maholo asanu ndi limodzi. Nyumbayi ikugwirizana ndi zojambulazo - Hall of Sacraments of Faith, Sibyl Hall, Hall of Science ndi Arts, Hall of the Life of Saints, Hall of Mysteries ndi Hall of the Popes. Pansi pa Papa Julius II, kupyolera mwa zomangamanga, nyumba zachifumu za Vatican ndi Belvedere zinagwirizanitsidwa, ndi ntchito ya Michelangelo Buonarroti wamkulu ndi wojambula bwino wa Raphael Santi pajambula, wopanga nyumbayo anali Donato Bramante.
| | |
Belvedere Palace
Mu Belvedere Palace, pali Museum ya Pia-Clementa , yomwe imakhala ndi zojambula zambiri za zojambula zakale zachi Greek ndi Aroma. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imatsogoleredwa ndi zipilala ziwiri: kuzungulira kumodzi komwe kuli Roma ndi quadrangular, momwe torso ya Hercules imawonekera. Ulendo wozungulirawu uli ndi Meleager Hall, woimiridwa ndi fano la msaki uyu. Kuyambira pano mukhoza kufika bwalo lamkati. M'bwalo la Belvedere Palace, Papa Julius Wachiwiri anaikapo ziboliboli "Laocoon" ndi chifaniziro cha Apollo, ndipo mwamsanga posakhalitsa zina zowakafukufuku zinawonjezedwa kwa iwo, kupanga Vatican Museums.
| | |
Sistine Chapel
Sistine Chapel - mwinamwake chapemphero wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse - ngale ya Vatican. Zomangamanga za nyumbayi sizingayambitse chidwi, koma kukongoletsa mkati kumadabwa ndi zozizwitsa za akatswiri ojambula a m'zaka zapachiyambi. Pempheroli limatchulidwa ndi Papa wa Rome Sixtus IV, pansi pa ntchito yomwe ntchitoyi inakonzedweratu kuti yomangidwe ndi kukongoletsa kwa nyumbayi kuyambira 1477 mpaka 1482. Mpaka lero, pali conclave (msonkhano wa makadinali kusankha papa watsopano).
The Sistine Chapel ili ndi zitatu pansi, yokutidwa ndi pulasitiki. Pambali ziwiri, chapelinayi imagawanika ndi khoma la miyala ya marble yomwe ili ndi bas-reliefs, yomwe inagwira ntchito Giovanni Dolmato, Mino da Fiesole ndi Andrea Breno.
Makoma a m'mphepete mwa magawo atatuwa amagawidwa m'magulu atatu: m'munsi mwake pamakongoletsedwe ndi miyala yophimba ndi malaya a Papa, opangidwa ndi golidi ndi siliva; Pogwiritsa ntchito pakati, ojambulawo ankagwira ntchito: Botticelli, Cosimo Rosselli, Ghirlandaio, Perugino, omwe adatiwonetsera ife pazithunzi za moyo wa Khristu ndi Mose. Komatu ntchito zazikulu kwambiri zajambula ndizojambula za denga ndi makoma, zopangidwa ndi wojambula wotchedwa Michelangelo. Zithunzi za padenga zikuimira zochitika 9 za Chipangano Chakale - kuchokera ku chilengedwe cha dziko mpaka kugwa. Pa khoma pamwamba pa guwa la chapempheko pali malo a Chiweruzo Chachiweruzo, omwe, pamisonkhano yofunika, imakongoletsedwa ndi zojambula zopangidwa motsatira zojambula za Raphael.
| | |
Vatican Apostolic Library
Laibulale ya Vatican imatchuka chifukwa cha zolemba zake zolemetsa zochokera m'mitundu yosiyana. Laibulaleyi inakhazikitsidwa ndi Papa Nicholas V m'zaka za zana la 15. Zosungidwa zaibulaleyi zimasinthidwa nthawi zonse, tsopano ndalama zake zimaphatikizapo malembo 150,000, mabuku okwana 1,6 miliyoni, makina 8,3,000, zojambula ndi mapu oposa 100,000, ndalama zasiliva zokwana 300,000.
| | |
Kodi mungapeze bwanji?
Mungathe kufika ku nyumba zachifumu m'njira ziwiri:
- Kuchokera ku Termini Station, tenga metro A (yofiira) ku Ottaviano-SPietro kapena Cipro-Musei Vaticani.
- mabasi nambala 64, 40, 60, 62.