Njira ya PCR (polymerase chain reaction) ndi "ndondomeko ya golidi" yamakono a DNA matenda, njira yovuta kwambiri ya biology. Njira ya PCR imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala, majini, chiphuphu ndi zina. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza pofufuza matenda ambiri opatsirana.
Kuzindikira matenda opatsirana ndi PCR
Mayeso a PCR amalola kuti asazindikire tizilombo toyambitsa matenda okhawo, koma ngakhale chidutswa chimodzi cha DNA yachilendo m'nkhani yomwe ikufufuzidwa. Zomwe zimafufuzidwa ndi: magazi a mitsempha, maselo apakati komanso chinsinsi cha chiberekero cha umuna, umuna, saliva, sputum ndi zina zotere. Zomwe zimafunikira zamoyo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi matenda.
Njira ya PCR m'nthaŵi yathu, ndithudi, ndi chida champhamvu chowonetsera. Mwinamwake chotsatira chokha cha phunzirolo ndi mtengo wake wapamwamba.
Pa mndandanda wa matenda, kukhalapo kwake komwe kumatha kudziwika ndi njira ya PCR:
- chiwindi ndi bakiteriya;
- chifuwa chachikulu;
- chikuku, rubella, parotitis;
- matenda a chiwindi opatsirana amtundu uliwonse;
- salmonellosis, diphtheria;
- Helicobacteriosis ndi matenda opangidwa ndi matenda a m'mimba;
- Ma ARV (matenda opatsirana pogonana): gonorrhea, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, syphilis, AIDS, herpes, gardnerellez ndi ena.
Kuwonetsa matenda opatsirana pogonana pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya PCR
Mosiyana ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe, njira ya PCR imapangitsa kuti apeze matenda opatsirana pogonana ngakhale zizindikiro zawo siziripo. Pofuna kusonkhanitsa kachilombo ka HIV, amai amafufuzidwa m'maselo a chiberekero, amuna - kuwombera. Ngati ndi kotheka, njira ya PCR imapangitsa kuphunziranso za magazi owopsa.
Choncho, kuyesa matenda opatsirana pogonana pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya PCR kumathandiza kuzindikira:
- HIV (immunodeficiency virus) (HIV);
- Mankhwala otumbululuka (causative agent of syphilis);
- Vuto la Herpes simplex ndi cytomegalovirus;
- papillomavirus ya anthu (HPV);
- chlamydia, toxoplasm, mycoplasmas, ureaplasma ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana.
Ngati kusanthula kwa PCR kuchitidwa molondola, zotsatira za zabodza zabwino zimachotsedwa. Mosiyana, tifotokoze kuti apangidwe ndi papillomavirus ya anthu (HPV) ndi kufunika kwa njira ya PCR kuti adziwe. Mosiyana ndi mankhwalawa, njira ya PCR ikhoza kudziwa mtundu wina wa HPV, makamaka mitundu yake yeniyeni ya 16 ndi 18, yomwe imawopsyeza mkazi yemwe ali ndi matenda aakulu komanso oopsa monga khansa ya pachibelekero . Kuzindikira kwapadera kwa mitundu yeniyeni ya HPV ndi njira ya PCR kumapereka mwayi woteteza chitukuko cha khansa ya pachibelekero.
Kufufuza kwa Immunoenzyme (ELISA) ndi polymerase chain reaction (PCR) njira: pluses ndi minuses
Ndi njira iti yowonetsera yabwino: PCR kapena ELISA? Yankho lolondola la funsoli silikupezeka, popeza kwenikweni matendawa ndi thandizo la maphunziro awiriwa ali ndi zolinga zosiyana. Ndipo nthawi zambiri njira IFA ndi PTSR zimagwiritsidwa ntchito movuta.
Kuyezetsa kwa PCR n'kofunikira kuti mudziwe zachithandizo chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa, chikhoza kuzindikiridwa mwamsanga mutatha kuchipatala, ngakhale kuti palibe matenda owonetsetsa. Njira iyi ndi yabwino kuti azindikire mabakiteriya obisika ndi aakulu komanso ma ARV.
Mosiyana ndi njira ya PCR, njira ya ELISA yothandizira kuti isayang'ane osati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma chitetezo cha mthupi cha thupi, kutanthauza kupezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Malingana ndi mtundu wa antibodies omwe amadziwika (IgM, IgA, IgG), siteji ya chitukuko cha matenda opatsirana amatha kudziwika.
Njira ziwiri ndi PCR, ndi ELISA zimakhala zodalirika kwambiri (100 ndi 90%, motero). Koma n'kofunika kuzindikira kuti kusanthula kwa ELISA nthawi zina kumapereka chinyengo (ngati munthu wadwala ndi matenda ena m'mbuyomu) kapena kuti sizinayambe (ngati matendawa atha posachedwa) zotsatira zake.