"Palibe chifukwa chobwezeretsanso gudumu!" - ndithudi mwamvapo mawuwa kangapo ndipo mwinanso mumalankhula nokha. Akamanena choncho, nthawi zambiri amafuna kutsindika kuti kuphweka kwake kuli kosavuta, pomwe zovuta zilizonse zimangovuta, koma palibe njira ina iliyonse yomwe imathandizira. Koma, chodabwitsa, ife sitikudziwa pang'ono za kukonza njinga. Mwachitsanzo, mukudziwa, chaka chotani anapanga njinga? N'kutheka kuti si. Ndipo ndani anayambitsa njinga yoyamba? Komanso simukudziwa? Ndiye nkhani yathu ndi yanu!
Monga iwo akunenera mu mawu otchuka, izo sizichedwa mochedwa kuti aphunzire. Ndipo sizonyansa kuti musadziwe chinachake, ndizochititsa manyazi kuti musafune kuphunzira chinachake chatsopano. Choncho, tikambirana za chipangizo chophweka komanso chovuta kwambiri - njinga.
Ndani anayamba kupanga njinga?
Timangoyamba kuthamanga kuti tifotokoze nthano imodzi yofala. Bicycle sinapangidwe ndi Leonardo da Vinci. Zojambula zotchuka, zomwe zimati ndi za Leonardo.
Ndiponso, panalibe chitsimikizo cha nthano yakuti njingayo inapangidwa ndi anthu olemera a Artamonov, ndikuti amasungidwabe mu imodzi yosungiramo zinthu zakale za Nizhny Tagil.
Ndipotu, njinga, m'mawu amasiku ano, sizinapangidwe mwamsanga. Ukulungwiro kwake kunali magawo atatu.
Mu 1817 pulofesa wina wa ku Germany, Baron Karl von Dres, anapanga chinthu chofanana ndi scooter. Ilo linali ndi mawilo awiri ndipo ankatchedwa "Walking Machine". Pambuyo pake, anthu olankhula nawo amadziwika kuti wotchuka kwambiri. M'chaka cha 1818, Baron Karl von Dres anapatsa umboni wake. Ataphunzira za galimotoyo ku UK, adatchulidwa kuti "dandy-chorz". Mu 1839-1840 mu tawuni yaing'ono kum'mwera kwa Scotland wosula zitsulo Kirkpatrick Macmillan anapangitsa makina oyendayenda, kuwonjezera nsapato ndi chingwe. Njinga ya McMillan inali yofanana ndi njinga yamakono. Izi zinkayenera kukankhidwa, kenako zinasinthasintha gudumu lakumbuyo, ndipo kutsogolo kungasinthidwe mothandizidwa ndi gudumu. Pazifukwa zomwe sitikuzidziŵa, kupangidwa kwa Kirkpatrick Macmillan kunalibe kudziŵika, ndipo posakhalitsa anaiwala za iye.
Mu 1862, Pierre Lalman adapanga kuwonjezera pa "pedestal chorus" (Pierre sanadziwe za Macmillan). Ndipo mu 1863 anazindikira lingaliro lake. Zambiri mwazinthu zake zimatengedwa kuti ndi njinga yoyamba padziko lapansi, ndipo Lalman, motero, ndi amene amapanga njinga yoyamba.
Funso lakuti "Ndani anapanga njinga yoyamba?" Mwachidziwitso zimabweretsa wina, osasangalatsa kwambiri "Pamene zinapangidwa?" Chaka chokonzekera njinga chikhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi 1817, chaka chinapangidwa "makina oyendayenda", ndi 1840 ndi 1862. Koma palinso tsiku lina lokhudzana ndi kuyambitsidwa kwa njinga - mu 1866, pamene njinga ya Lalman inali ndi chilolezo.
Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, njinga yakula bwino chaka chilichonse. Zida zomwe njingayo inapangidwira, mapangidwe omwewo, ndi diameters ndi zofanana za magudumuwo amasintha. Komabe, njinga zamakono siziri zosiyana kwambiri ndi njinga ya Lalman.
Kodi apanga njinga kuti?
Ngati tiganiza kuti njinga yoyamba inayambitsidwa ndi Pierre Lalman, ndiye kuti njinga yoyambira ndi France. Komabe, Ajeremani ankakhulupirira kuti njingayo inakhazikitsidwa m'dziko lawo. Mbali izi ndi zoona, chifukwa ngati sizinapangidwe ndi Baron Carl von Dres, Lalman sakanalingalira
Koma komanso za Scotland, sitiyenera kuiwala. Chithunzi cha njinga, chokonzedwa ndi Kirkpatrick Macmillan, kwenikweni, chinali chosiyana pang'ono ndi chiyambi cha Pierre Lalman.
"Bwanji ndikubwezeretsanso gudumu?"
Mawu awa athandizidwa kwambiri m'mawu athu. Pamene likulankhulidwa, amatanthauza ntchito zopanda phindu pakulenga chinthu chomwe anthu ambiri adziwa kale. Mawu a mtundu uwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko ambiri. Koma, zogwira mtima, kutchulidwa kwa njinga ndi chizindikiro chokha cha mayiko a pambuyo pa Soviet. Ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani tili ndi chikondi choterocho pa njinga?