Kuphimba koyera mu mphika ndi duwa ndi chimodzi mwa mavuto ambiri m'nyumba zamkati floriculture. Anthu ambiri amayamba kuzindikira kuti pamwamba pake nthaka imayamba kukula ndi nthawi. Ziri zovuta kudziwa ndi mawonekedwe amaliseche chikhalidwe cha chodabwitsa chotero.
Nchifukwa chiyani nthaka mu miphika imadzala ndi malaya oyera?
Akatswiri a floriculture amasiyanitsa zifukwa zikuluzikulu ziwiri: fungal (bacteriological) ndi saline (mineral).
Mapangidwe amchere
Mchere umakhala motere:
- Kuthirira nthaka ndi madzi wamba osadziwika osapangidwe kungapangitse malaya oyera mu miphika ya mkati maluwa. Zoona zake n'zakuti madzi ambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala olemetsa kwambiri, omwe amachepetsanso nthaka mobwerezabwereza. Mafuta a laimu amachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudzaza nthaka ndi mpweya. Pofuna kupewa izi, muyenera kumwa madzi musanayambe kutentha kutentha kwa maola 24. Kapena kuthirani zomera ndi njira yowonjezera ya citric acid: supuni 1 pa madzi okwanira 1 litre.
- Msuzi woyera padziko lapansi mu mphika ukhoza kukhala mchere, womwe umapangidwa chifukwa cha madzi otentha kwambiri kapena nthaka yambiri ndi feteleza mchere. Ngati chomeracho chikapumula, dothi liyenera kusakanizidwa ndi nthaka yowala komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi otsika pansi. Komanso kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zovala zina. Ngati vutoli lidawoneka panthawi ya maluwa, ndiye kuti mutha kuchotsa nthaka yokhayokha ndikuwonjezera dothi latsopano. Kapena kuwonjezera dziko lapansi ndi dongo lowonjezera, lomwe lingatenge chinyezi chowonjezera ndikupanga mawonekedwe okongoletsa.
- Kusamba kokwanira kwa mbeu. Madzi ayenera kukhala okwanira kuteteza zomera kuti zisaume. Kuthirira maluwa ayenera kutsata ndondomeko ya kuthirira kwa mitundu ina ya zomera.
Matenda a fungal
Chifukwa china chosasangalatsa chifukwa nthaka ikuphimba ndi yokutidwa koyera ikhoza kukhala bowa. Nkhungu silimavulaza anthu akuluakulu komanso zomera zathanzi, koma zimapweteka mmera ndipo zingakhudze mkhalidwe wa duwa lofooka.
Matenda opatsirana amapangidwa:
- chifukwa cha nthaka yowonjezereka mu mphika;
- pa kutsika kochepa;
- m'madera osavuta mpweya.
Kapena fungus spores zikhoza kale kukhala mu nthaka imene zomerazo zabzalidwa. Pankhaniyi, ulimi wothirira kawirikawiri umapangitsa kuti mabakiteriya apitirire kukula. Pofuna kupewa izi, kuthirira dzikoli ndilokha pamene mpanda wake watsopano umalira. Chipinda chiyenera kukhala mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse. Antchito abwino opangira nthaka amatha kupirira bwino ndi bowa.
Pofuna kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake pansi pano pali zokutira zoyera mu mphika ndi maluwa okondedwa, wina safunikira kukhala ndi chidziwitso chapadera mu botani, ndikokwanira kuti asapitirize kusamalira ndi kusunga zofunikira zoyambirira.