Ndizodziwika kuti magulu anayi a magazi adziwika. Kugawidwa kwa magazi a munthu aliyense kwa wina kapena mzake mwa iwo ndi chinthu chokhalitsa komanso chokhalitsa. Mchitidwe wambiri wa magulu a magazi ndi AB0 (a, b, zero). Maonekedwe a magazi ndi ovuta kwambiri, koma maselo ofiira ndi ofunikira kudziwitsa gulu la magazi, pa nembanemba yomwe imakhala mamolekyu - ma antigen akhoza kukhalapo. Mankhwala akuluakulu ndi A ndi B. The Rh factor (Rh) ndi antigen (lipoprotein, mapuloteni) omwe angapezedwe mu envelopu ya maselo ofiira ofiira. Zili ndi ma antitigeni oposa 50, akuluakulu a C, c, D, d, E, e, B. Popeza ndikofunikira kudziwa ngati ndi zabwino kapena zoipa, zimanenedwa za antigen D ndi d komanso zosakaniza pamene mapuloteni amachokera kwa ana kuchokera kwa makolo.
Kutsimikiza kwa mtundu wa magazi ndi Rh factor
Pofuna kudziwa gulu la magazi a munthu, fufuzani ngati lili ndi ma antigen A ndi B:
- Ngati palibe, izi zikutanthauza kuti magazi ndi a gulu langa, lomwe limatchedwa "0".
- Ngati antigen A alipo, magazi awa ndi a gulu II, limatchedwa "A".
- Ngati antigen B alipo pa membrane, magazi awa ndi a gulu III ndipo amatchedwa "B".
- Ngati ma antigen A ndi B alipo, ndiye kuti magazi a gulu IV amaikidwa ngati "AB".
Kuti mudziwe chomwe Rh chiri, muyenera kudziwa zotsatirazi:
- Ngati mapuloteni awa - amakhulupirira kuti Rh ndi chinthu chofunikira.
- Ngati mapuloteni sapezeka - Rh factor ndi yoipa.
Malingana ndi kafukufuku, amadziwika kuti pafupifupi 85 peresenti ya okhala padziko lapansi ali ndi Rh.
Momwe mungadziwire chinthu cha Rh ndi gulu la magazi?
Izi zimachitika kuti panthawi ya moyo wodziwa gulu la magazi ndi Rh chinthu sichithandiza. Komabe, pali zifukwa zomwe zimayenera kudziwitsa izi:
- kusanachitike ntchito;
- musanaike magazi ;
- asanayambe kupangidwa;
- nthawi zina asanakonzekere kutenga mimba ;
- pamene kuyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira amayi oyembekezera;
- Kuti mudziwe matenda a hemolytic a makanda obadwa kumene.
Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kufufuza kwa Rh ndi gulu la magazi.
Tsatanetsatane wa gulu lomwe magazi ali nalo ndikuwunika mogwirizana ndi dongosolo la ABO. Kuti mudziwe gulu la magazi, m'pofunika kudziwa ngati ma antigen A ndi B ali m'magazi ofiira a m'magazi. Mayesowa amachitidwa pogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera zomwe zili ndi antibodies kwa antigens A ndi B. Matenda a Antigen A amatchedwa anti-A ndipo amatchulidwa α (alpha), ndi kwa B-anti-B ndi kutchulidwa β (beta). Pamene njira zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zotsatira zowonjezera kwa erythrocyte zimapezeka, zotchedwa agglutination. Antigens A ndi B amatchedwa agglitinogenes, ndipo ma antibodies α ndi β ndi agglutinins.
Ngati agglutination (adhesion) ikuchitika, Rh, ngati si - ayi.
Kuti mudziwe mtundu wa magazi, yerekezerani ma antibodies enieni (α ndi β) ndi ma antigen (A ndi B), mwa kuyankhula kwina, magulu anayi a magazi amapezeka chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri ya agglutinins ndi agglitinogens.
Pali njira zambiri zofufuzira magazi a Rh:
- Njira yofotokozera. Imeneyi ndiyo njira yowunika - pamene pulogalamu yamayeso yokhala ndi magazi satipsa mtima. Izi zimafuna seramu yadziko lonse, yoyenera magulu onse a magazi.
- Gelatinous njira. Sakanizani mu ofanana ofanana magazi ndi 10% gelatin yankho.
- Njira zina. Phunzirani ndi Petri mbale.
- Ndi thandizo la papain. Tsatanetsataneyi imapangidwira nthawi zambiri kuti adziwe momwe zinthu zilili asanayambe kuikidwa magazi.
Mbali za anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magazi
Anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wabwino wa magazi a Rh, ali otsimikiza mtima komanso odzidalira.
Anthu omwe ali ndi gulu lachiwiri la magazi, komanso Rh factor, amakhala ndi chiyanjano, akulankhulana, otseguka, okonda, omwe amatha kusintha.
Anthu omwe ali ndi gulu lachitatu la magazi ndi Rhesus zabwino ali ndi chiyembekezo komanso otseguka, monga adventures.
Ndi gulu lachinayi la magazi ndi rhesus yemweyo, anthu ali ndi khalidwe laulemu ndi lofatsa, iwo ali anzeru ndi osagwirizana.