Powonjezereka, eni ake akumidzi akuganiza momwe angabzala nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha. Ndiponsotu, m'nyumba yosungirako zowonjezera zowonjezera zokhala ndi zowonjezera, zamasamba zatsopano zimatha kukula chaka chonse. Ndipo kukoma ndi khalidwe la mankhwala apanyumba lidzakhala bwino kwambiri kuposa wogula. Kuti mupeze mbewu, m'pofunika kupanga zinthu zina.
Ndi nkhaka ziti zomwe ziyenera kubzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha?
Mukasankha mtundu wa nkhaka ayenera kubzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndi bwino kuti asiye pa parthenocarpic subspecies. Iwo amapanga maluwa ambiri azimayi ndipo samasowa pollination. Otsitsa anawatulutsa kunja makamaka m'malo ozungulira. Mitundu ya tizilombo imatha kulima mu wowonjezera kutentha, koma idzafunika kugwedeza pamutu kuti ipangitse ovary. Mitundu yabwino ya ndiwo zamasamba zowatsekedwa:
- Muraki F1. Ripen, kudzibala, kudzibala. Amasiyanitsa ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri, zipatso mpaka 12 cm mu kukula.
- Mnyamata ali ndi chala. Ochepa, osagonjetsedwa ndi matenda. Masamba 11 masentimita amafanana ndi gherkins, abwino kwa pickling.
- Annushka F1. Kudzipukutira mungu, osati mochititsa chidwi mu kulima mitundu. Amapereka zipatso zambiri za 125 magalamu, ndi madzi okoma kukoma, crispy.
- Pindulani F1. Kuphuka koyamba, zipatso zimakhala ndi masentimita 120, osapweteka.
Kodi mungamange liti nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha?
Monga lamulo, kubzala nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha kumachitika ndi njira ziwiri:
- Mbewu. Nthawi, pamene mukufunika kudzala nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, zimachokera ku zipangizo zake. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko ndi kutentha kwa gawo lapansi, sikuyenera kukhala pansi + 15 ° C. M'masiku otentha, kufesa kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa zaka khumi za February, popanda - kumapeto kwa April.
- Mbande. Kawirikawiri mbewu zimabzalidwa pambuyo pa 20 April. Amamera masiku awiri pa 25 ° C, kenako amapeza mphamvu. Pambuyo pa masiku 25 (pambuyo pa May 15) mbande zingasunthike pansi. Mukamakulitsa nkhaka pamoto wotentha kwambiri kwa chaka, n'zosavuta kuti mutembenuke katatu ndikukhala ndi masamba abwino.
Kodi kubzala nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha?
Pofuna kukolola bwino, nkofunika kuphunzira momwe mungamerekere nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha. Pa kulima, nthawi yobzala imaganiziridwa, kukonza mbeu, m'dzinja ndi masika, imakonzedwa, imatetezedwa mwadzidzidzi komanso nthaka imamera. Kuyika chipinda cha hothouse mumakhala malo ogona omwe sakhudzidwa ndi mphepo zakumpoto. Malo omwe ali ndi mtunda wakumwera ndi abwino kwa dera. Madzi a pansi pa nthaka sayenera kukhala pamwamba pa 150-200 masentimita.
Nkhaka - kukonzekera wowonjezera kutentha kwa kubzala
Musanadzalemo nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, ziyenera kukonzekera. Makoma a nyumbayo amatetezedwa mwachangu m'chaka, chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kuzipeza. Kwa disinfection, chlorine mandimu ndi othandiza - 400 g / 10 malita a madzi. Kutangotsala kwa kumalo kwatsopano kulikonse, nthaka yapamwamba (5-7 cm) ya nthaka iyenera kusinthidwa kukhala yatsopano. Kalekale ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kamene timakhudza mwana.
Choopsa chachikulu kwa mbewu ndicho kuzizira. Kutentha kwa kapangidwe usanayambe kukufunika + 20-25 ° C, kusinthasintha usana ndi usiku sikuyenera kukhala kuposa 5-7 ° C. Kuwonjezera apo, mabedi amadzazidwa ndi utuchi, kutayira manyowa ku kuya kwa masentimita 50. Pa nsanja ya "yotentha", mamita 25 sentimita asanu ndi limodzi a chonde chachonde amaikidwa pamwamba pa "mafuta". Chipinda chimapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi cha 75-90%, chifukwa kuli bwino kubzala nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha zomwe sizodzaza ndi mpweya wouma - chikhalidwe sichimalola. Pamene kutentha kumatentha, scatterers madzi.
Kodi kubzala nkhaka mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha?
Pa funso la momwe angabzala nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha kunja kwa mbande, wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuchita izo popanda picks . Miphika yapadera ndi yoyenera kufesa. Iwo ali ndi mndandanda wa humus, peat, turf (2: 1: 2). Kwa gawo lapansi mumakhala ndi nitrophos (60 g / 10 makilogalamu) ndi magalasi angapo a phulusa. Ma granules amalowetsedwa masentimita 1 mu 1-2 timagulu ting'onoting'ono tating'ono (5x5 cm), yomwe ili ndi filimu ndipo imakhala pa 25 ° C. Pa tsiku lachisanu, cellophane imachotsedwa, kutentha kumatsikira ku 18 ° C, wothira madzi otentha (26-28 ° C).
Kodi kubzala mbande ku nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha:
- M'nthaka imakhala mizu pambuyo pa masiku 25, pa siteji ya masamba 3-4;
- Zitsime zimatetezedwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate (1 g potaziyamu permanganate pa chidebe cha madzi) komanso wothira madzi ofunda;
- Mbewu za pulasitiki zimatulutsidwa mosamala, matani a peat pamodzi ndi mizu yayikidwa pansi;
- zikumera kuti com ikhale 1-2 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka, ndipo khosi lolimba silinayambe kuthamanga pansi nthawi yamadzi;
- Kuwaza mbande ndi udzu wouma, mungapewe chinyezi chamadzimadzi ndi kutumphuka.
Kodi chodzala nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi mbewu?
Momwe mungamere bwino nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi mbewu:
- gwiritsani ntchito mbewu za zaka 2-3;
- ikani madzi amchere (70 g / l), chotsani madzi;
- Nkhumba zakula mu 1% zowonjezera manganese yankho kwa mphindi 30;
- Sinthani pazifupi zosakaniza kwa tsiku.
Kodi mumayika kwambiri nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha?
Mbewu imayikidwa ndi nsonga pamwamba mpaka mu grooves kapena mabowo. Zisanayambe, nthaka yothira madzi ofunda. Kuzama kwa kubzala nkhaka mu mbewu yotsekemera yotsekedwa ndi 2-4 masentimita. Mphepete mwa nthanga zomwe zimamera siziyenera kutalika kuposa 0,5 masentimita, ngati zambiri - zakanidwa. Mu dzenje, mbeu ziwiri zimayikidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 4 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake (kenako musiye mphukira zamphamvu kwambiri), owazidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Pambuyo pa kumera, bedi limakhala ndi translucent polyethylene.
Kodi kutalika choka nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha?
Ndikofunikira kuganizira momwe angabzalitsire nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, chifukwa sakonda thickening. Chida chokonzekera: 15-20 masentimita pakati pa zitsanzo, ndi masentimita 50 - nthawi ya mizere. Kuti muyambe kuyatsa chomera chomera zomera zimalangizidwa mu checkerboard chitsanzo. Pambuyo pagawidweli muyenera kukhala mabasi 6 pamtunda uliwonse. Mphukira zimachitika patatha masiku 4-5 patapita nthawi.
Pa siteji ya masamba 2-3, masamba amaloledwa kutsika popanda kuvulaza, koma modzichepetsa amathyola zowonjezera. Pakati pa chingwe chilichonse, chingwe chaikidwa pamtunda kapena pamtunda wocheperachepera 2 mamita pamwamba. Pa siteji 8-9 pamasamba ayenera kuganizira za kukonzekera kwa mphukira ku trellises. Chomera chikukula ndi mpweya wambiri, kuwala bwino, amalandira kutentha kwambiri.
Nthaka chifukwa chodzala nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha?
Kuyala koyenera kwa nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha kumapangidwa ndi kuwala, komwe kumachitika padziko lapansi. M'nyengo yophukira, nthaka imachotsedwa zotsalira zokolola pambuyo pake, zotetezedwa ku disinfected ndi yankho la mkuwa sulphate: 1 tbsp. l pa 10 malita a madzi. Musanadzalemo nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, gawolo liyenera kukhala ndi umuna. Pansi pa kukumba m'dzinja, humus kapena kompositi imayambira mu chiwerengero cha chidebe chimodzi pa 1 m2 mderalo.
Kumapeto kwa mwezi umodzi usanafese mu nthaka yonjezerani 2 tsp superphosphate kuphatikizapo 2 tbsp. L phulusa pa 1m 2 chiwembu. Pambuyo pa mtundawu mumatsanulira biostimulator chitukuko "Energene" (1 capsule / 10 malita a madzi) ndi chizolowezi cha 2-3 malita pa 1m 2 . Ngakhale kachigawo kakang'ono ka mankhwalawa kamapangitsa kuti chonde chikhale chonde. Pambuyo pa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, dera lodzala mtsogolo lidzasinthidwa ndi podpushivayut rake.
Kodi kuthirira nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha mutabzala?
Zonsezi ndi kusowa kwa kuthirira kumapangitsa kuti ovary alephere, tsamba likufota, kusintha kwa chipatso. Nthaka mu wowonjezera kutentha amafunika kukhala yonyowa bwino, osati yonyowa. Kuthirira nkhaka mutabzala mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi chifukwa cha siteji ya kukula kwawo. Musanayambe maluwa, khalani ndi madzi okwanira 6-8, mu gawo la ovary molding - 8-10 malita, pa siteji ya fruiting - 14-18 malita pa 1m 2 kawiri pa sabata. Madzi amasungunuka, kutsanulira pansi pa mizu, osati pa masamba (kuti asayambe kuyaka). Nthawi iliyonse atatha kuthira, nthaka imamasulidwa momasuka, owazidwa ndi udzu wouma.
Kuwonjezera pa nkhaka pamene mubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha
Mukamalimidwa wowonjezera kutentha, 4-5 mapangidwe amapangidwa. Feteleza pamene mubzala nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha:
- Kuyamwitsa koyamba mutatha kutuluka pakatha masabata awiri pamsewu wa masamba awiri otchedwa serrated: 10 malita a madzi, 0,5 malita a slurry ali pamodzi;
- Chifukwa cha chakudya chachiwiri mu gawo 3-4 la mapepala opangira mazira, maluwa amayamba kutenga 1 gawo la potassium sulphate, superphosphate ndi urea wochuluka pa 10 malita a madzi;
- pa siteji ya fruiting mupange chakudya chachitatu nitrofoss (50 g / m 2 ) ndi 2 tbsp. Kukonzekera kwa "Gummi", kugwiritsira ntchito malita 5 a zosonkhanitsa pa 1 m²;
- Chakudya chachitatu chimayambitsidwa kamodzi pa sabata.
Kodi ndingaikeko nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha?
Ngati pali malo ochepa pa malo, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosakanikirana. Kodi kuika pafupi ndi nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha:
- Beijing kabichi, mpiru, mpiru - akhoza kuikidwa pakati pa mizera, chiwembu chodzala chidzapereka limodzi ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndi mbewu zina zothandiza;
- ngati mungasankhe, chomera nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha akhoza kukhala pafupi ndi katsabola - zidzateteza bwino masamba ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- tsabola, maubergines - ndikofunikira kuziika pambali kuti mthunzi usagwe pa mphukira;
- Anyezi ndi adyo - zimakhala bwino ndi nkhaka;
- katsitsumzukwa nyemba, nandolo - ndi bwino kuika pakati pa tchire, zimapangitsa dothi kukhala lachonde kwambiri.
Chimene sichidzadzala nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha?
Pali zikhalidwe zomwe zimavulaza anthu. Momwe mungamere bwino nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, zomwe ziri zosayenera kuphatikiza:
- tomato ndi mbatata: pafupi ndi iwo nkhaka zimafota, ndipo tomato zimavunda chifukwa cha chinyezi chachikulu;
- Zakudya zamasamba zokometsera zokometsera, coriander, hyssop, oregano pafupi ndi masamba obiriwira sizikondweretsa zokolola.