M'nkhaniyi muwona zomwe ana adasewera asanathe makina opanga makompyuta akugwera m'moyo wathu.
Kodi mwawonapo kuti zaka 10 zapitazi mabwalo athu adachotsedwa? Ana amakono amasankha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo yopuma akukhala pa kompyuta kapena chida china, ndipo izi zimapweteka kwambiri.
1. Kokani ndi kukoka
Masewerawa anali otchuka ndipo amalangizidwa ndi aphunzitsi a zaka za m'ma 2000 za m'ma XX, monga chithandizo chochotsera chiwawa, anawo, popanda kuvulaza ena.
Malamulo
Pa masewerawa mumakhala magulu awiri, makamaka anthu osachepera asanu. Magulu awiri akuyang'anizana moyang'anizana, pakati pa mzere umene umachokera. Chofunika cha masewerawa chinali kugwira ndi kukokera ophunzirawo kumbali yawo, popanda kutsogolo kutsogolo kwa omenyana nawo. Masewerawa ankaganiziridwa kwambiri pamene panali osewera yekha amene anasiya mbali imodzi.
2. Kuthamanga pazithunzi
Masewerawa anali nthawi yosangalatsa kwa ana pa nthawi ya nkhondo pambuyo pa zaka makumi atatu.
Malamulo
Zonse zomwe zimafunikira pomangapo makina a msewu ndizitali zapamsewu pamsewu wawiri komanso chingwe cholimba. Mapeto awiri a chingwe anaponyedwa pamphepete mwazitali, atangomangirizidwa kuzungulira, ndipo phokoso lopachikidwa m'munsi linkatumikira ana ngati kusambira kosangalala.
3. Kisani ndi kufunafuna
Ana onse, mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000, adasewera masewerawa mofulumira, atabisala kumbuyo kwa tchire, magalimoto ndi malo ena osangalatsa m'bwalo. Masewerawa ndi ophweka mosavuta, kotero mukhoza kusewera kulikonse.
Malamulo
Choyamba, gwiritsani ntchito zida zilizonse kuti musankhe madzi kapena ogwidwa, aliyense amene ali pafupi. Pambuyo pake, wodwala wosankhidwa amakhala nkhope ndi khoma, mtengo, ndi zina zotero. ndi kuyamba kuwerenga: "Mmodzi-thuu-faifi-faifi, ine ndikuti ndiyang'ane. Amene sanabise, sindine wolakwa . " Panthawiyi, osewera otsala ayenera kubisala. Ntchito ya msampha ndi kupeza aliyense ndi woyamba kuti "awagwire" pamalo pomwe lipoti layamba, i.e. Wogwira ntchitoyo amatha kukangana ndi omwe akupezeka nawo kumalo omwe adalowera, ndipo akamaliza cholinga chake, amakuwa: "Ogwedeza vova (dzina la amene adapezekapo)" , koma ngati wapeza wophunzira akubwera poyamba, ndiye akufuula kuti: "Mukungogwedeza nokha . " Yemwe wathandiyo "amamugwira" wotsirizira, amakhala m'malo mwake.
4. Zakudya-zosadetsedwa
Maseŵera okondwerera mpira, omwe akukweza ndi chidwi cha ophunzirawo.
Malamulo
Otsatira onse amakhala mzere kapena amakhala pansi pa benchi. Mtsogoleri wosankhidwa akuyambitsa aliyense wa iwo kuti aponyedwe mpira ndi dzina la zakudya zosiyana kapena zosadya. Wophunzira amene mpirawo walembedwera uyenera kuikani pa dzina lake ndi "zakudya", ndipo ngati chinthucho sichiyenera kudya, ndiye kuti mpirawo uyenera kutsutsidwa kwa mtsogoleriyo ndi mawu akuti "inedible". Mtsogoleri akhoza kuponyera mpira kwa ophunzirawo, osayang'ana dongosolo la osewera, komanso kuonjezera liwiro ndi nthawi ya kuwombera. Womwe anachita zomwezo sizolondola, amaonedwa kuti ndi wotayika ndipo amatsogolera, ndipo mtsogoleriyo amapita kumalo ake.
5. Salochki
Iyi ndiyo maseŵera osavuta, koma osangalatsa, amatchedwanso nsomba, kwach kapena "nsomba". Kawirikawiri, ili ndi mayina osiyanasiyana makumi anayi.
Malamulo
Pothandizidwa kuwerengera, nsomba imasankhidwa, yomwe ikuyesera kupeza ophunzira omwe akuthawa njira zosiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri malire kumene mungathe kufika amasonyezedwa. Ngati nsomba ikumenyana ndi munthu wina ndikumukhudza, ndiye kuti akuthawira, ndipo wina yemwe sangathe kuthawa - kusodza.
6. Sif
Masewerawa akufanana ndi salok, koma wodwala, ndi "sif", sayenera kumugwira dzanja, koma m'malo mowombera, chinthu china chosavuta, kawirikawiri chodetsedwa kapena chosasangalatsa. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito ndodo kapena chingwe chopotoka, ndipo ngati mutasewera pa gombe, ndiye kuti muthamanga mchenga wouma. Amene wathandiyo ali nawo, omwe amakhalanso "sif" watsopano.
7. Zakale
Mmodzi mwa masewera akale kwambiri, unaseweredwa ndi anyamata kuyambira pakati pa zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, poyamba poyamba ankawoneka ngati masewera achimuna chabe. Ku Russia, masewerawa adatha kumapeto kwa zaka zomwezo.
Malamulo
Pamalo otsetsereka, miyala khumi imayendetsedwa m'munda wamakona, womwe umatha kumayambiriro, kutchedwa "moto", "boiler" kapena "madzi" kwa ana osiyanasiyana. Palinso njira zingapo zolembera masewera, koma chofunikira cha masewera sichimasintha kuchokera pa izi. Pakuti masewerawa atengedwa ndi miyala yachitsulo, yomwe imayambira kumalo oyambirira, kenako osewera amayamba kulumpha mozungulira, kenako phazi lina, kenako, wina, kenako, kukankhira nthawi yomweyo ndi mwala. Wosewerayo akafika kumalo otsiriza, akuyenera kutembenuza madigiri 180 mu leap ndi "kulumpha" chirichonse muzitsulo. Pa kulumpha, simungathe kuyendetsa mzere wa zolemba kapena kusokoneza dongosolo la miyendo, mwinamwake mudzayenera kupereka kwa wina wosewera mpira ndikuyambiranso.
8. Anatsekedwa kunja
Pa masewerawa mungathe kulipira mpira, koma izi sizimangoletsa osewera, koma zina zimakwiyitsa. Masewerawa ndi osavuta ndipo, pambali pa mpira ndi chiŵerengero chosachepera cha osewera, palibe chofunika china.
Malamulo
Kusankhidwa kumatulutsidwa kunja (iwo angathenso kutchedwa odziteteza) mwa kufuna kapena mothandizidwa ndi makalata onse ofanana. Iwo akhoza kukhala mmodzi kapena awiri kumbali iliyonse, otsala otsala amakhala pakati. Ntchitoyo idagwedezeka kuti ikagwedeze mpirawo pamene osewera akudumpha kuchokera kwa iye, mwachitsanzo, kuwagogoda iwo kunja. Osewera amaloledwa kulandira mpira, koma simungaulepheretse pansi, chifukwa ndiye wosewera mpirayo adzaonedwa ngati "akugogoda." Wopewera wotsiriza ayenera kuyesa kutsegula mpira nthawi zambiri pamene adakalamba, ndipo ngati apambana, otsutsa samasintha. Masewerawo akupitirira mpaka osewera onse atsekedwa. Kenaka anagogoda poyamba ndi omalizira kukhala osankha.
9. Mpira wambiri
Masewera a mtsikana wokondedwa wa zaka 60 mpaka 90 za zaka makumi awiri. Kawiri kawirikawiri pa masewerawa amagwiritsa ntchito zotambalala zowonongeka kwa amantha. Ndipo mwiniwake wa zotupa zapamwamba ndi zapamwamba kwambiri ankaonedwa kuti "zazikulu", chifukwa chakuti gulu lotsekeka chotero linali lopanda pake.
Malamulo
Osewera awiri akukoka chingwe cha raba pakati pawo, wosewera wachitatu akuyamba kulumpha. Mu masewerawa pali kusiyana kwake, malingana ndi kutalika kwa gulu la mphira kuchokera pansi, kumalo a bwalo amalingalira kuti ndi zophweka, ndipo nthawi iliyonse imadzuka pamwamba, chiwerengero cha masewera sichikhazikitsidwa, chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti wosewera mpira akhoza kulumpha. Komanso, panali njira zambiri zomwe wosewera mpirayo anayenera kudutsa kuposa magulu onse.
10. Dambo lodumphira
Kudumpha pa chingwe chinali chimodzi mwa ntchito zomwe amakonda kwambiri ana.
Malamulo
Kutsika pa chingwe kunkafunika mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi zovuta, kuwonjezereka. Mutha kusewera monga amodzi, ndikuyendetsa nokha, ndi ophunzira angapo omwe adagwira chingwe ndikuwonjezerapo liwiro la wosewera mpira.
11. Ophwanya malamulo a Cossacks
Masewera ena a mpatuko, omwe adasewera ndi mibadwo yambiri ya ana. Iwo amanena kuti masewerawa anabadwa m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi limodzi la makumi awiri ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi (1000 Cossacks), pamene adayenera kubwezeretsa adani osiyanasiyana.
Malamulo
Malingana ndi derali, malamulo akhoza kukhala osiyana, koma chofunikira cha masewerawo chikhale chimodzimodzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito masewerawa mumasowa magulu awiri - "Cossacks" ndi "Robbers". Amatanthawuza "malo omenyera nkhondo", omwe simungathe kupita nawo pa masewera, amamans ndi atsogoleri mu magulu amasankhidwa. Cossacks amadziwika ndi malo a likulu ndikugwiritsira ntchito "ndende," ndipo achifwamba amabwera ndi mawu achinsinsi, pakati pawo ndi imodzi yokha yomwe ingakhale yoona, ena onse akudziwa kuti ndi onyenga. Pambuyo pokonzekera, achifwambawo amabalalitsa ndi kubisala, kusiya malemba-ndondomeko ya Cossacks, ndi Cossacks amayenera kuwayang'ana. Mmasewerowa, a Cossacks akuyesera kuti agwire anyamata onse, ndipo akuba akuyesera kulanda likulu la Cossacks.
12. Mbatata yotentha
Masewera okondedwa a ana, omwe ubwana wawo unali m'ma 70, m'ma 80 ndi m'ma 90.
Malamulo
Ana amakhala mu bwalo ndikuponyera mpira (mbatata yotentha), omwe adasiya mpira kapena osakhala ndi nthawi kuti ayimbenso kubwezeretsa, ndikukhala pansi pakati pa bwaloli ndikuyesa kubera mpirawo. Otsalawo angathe kupereka chilango kwa iwo omwe akhala mu "pulasitiki": "Mbatata yophika Varis, koma musatulukemo" . Ngati munthu amene ali mkatikati mwa bwalo amatha kugwira mpirawo, ndiye kuti amamasulidwa "mbatata mumphika", ndipo amene akusowa mpirawo amakhala pansi pakati pawo, ndipo masewerawo amapitirira nthawi zonse.
13. Mzere
Makamaka masewerawa ndi anyamata, koma nthawizina atsikana okondwerera ndi othamanga amalowa. Masewera a zaka za m'ma 90 kwa ophunzira 4.
Malamulo
Pa masewerawo mumasowa mpira kapena sosi (zambiri zomwe zimapangidwira zimatenga mphuno za sock, zikulumikiza, zisanadze ndi mchenga, ufa kapena zokolola zina). Kenaka pamphepete mwazitsulo iwo adalumikiza malo akuluakulu, omwe adagawanika kukhala magawo anayi ofanana. Pa kampata iliyonse imakhala wosewera mpira amene amayenera kuponyerana mpira kapena soks, pomwe simungathe kulowera pansi ndikupita kudutsa malo anu. Aliyense amene anaphonya mpira kapena anapita kudutsa lalikulu, ali kunja kwa masewerawo.
14. Njovu
Masewera omwe amafunika mphamvu, choncho amasewera ndi ana okalamba.
Malamulo
Malingana ndi malamulowa, m'pofunika kugawa magulu awiri "Njovu" ndi "Omasula". Ana kuchokera ku gulu "Njovu" amakhala, akugwedezana wina ndi mzake, akukakamiza kwambiri mapewa awo mpaka pa ntchafu pamaso pa munthu amene akuyimirira, kumumenya ndi manja onse awiri. "Omaswera akavalo" ayenera kudumpha kamodzi pamodzi kumbuyo kwa "Njovu" pafupi kwambiri ndi kotheka kumutu. Chofunika cha ntchitoyi ndikuti "Njovu" imayimirira "Omasula" kumbuyo, ndipo "Omasula" akuyenera kuigwira.
15. Mbuzi kapena frog
Masewerawa anali otchuka pakati pa ana.
Malamulo
Pogwiritsa ntchito masewera muyenera kusankha khoma lopanda kanthu, lopanda kanthu, pa mizere yomwe imakwera mu msinkhu, kusonyeza masitepe. Wosewera aliyense ayenera kuponyera mpira pambali pakhomopo osati poyerekeza ndi ndondomeko yeniyeniyo, ndipo pamene iye, akugunda khoma, ntchentche, membala wothandizira ayenera kulumphira pamwamba pake asanawononge pansi. Aliyense amene sanadumphe adzalandira kalata "K-o-z-y-l" kapena "Z-a-b-k-a" monga chilango cha dongosololi, mayina angasinthe malingana ndi dera.