Matenda owopsa, osachiritsika - kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. Sizifukwa zowonongeka kwa majini ndipo zimadziwika ndi kufooka kwa thupi ndi chitetezo cha mthupi. Matenda a chimfine (immunodeficiency immunology) amatanthauzira ngati vuto lomwe tinapeza lachirombo muntchito ya chitetezo cha thupi lathu.
Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamatanthauza chiyani?
Ngati tilingalira mwatsatanetsatane kachilombo ka kachilombo ka HIV kameneka, kodi ndi chiyani kwa akuluakulu, titha kufotokoza tanthauzo lachidziwitso cha mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa chitetezo cha thupi ndi kukana kwazimenezi - immunology. Choncho, thupi lachiwiri (lopeza) limakhala lopanda ntchito mu chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe sichikugwirizana ndi ma genetic. Mkhalidwe woterewu umakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana opweteka ndi opatsirana, omwe sali othandizidwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala.
Selo lachilombo lachimake - gawo
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mndandanda wa mayiko oterewa:
- pa liwiro la chitukuko;
- kuchuluka;
- pa mlingo wa kuwonongeka;
- ndi kuuma kwa boma.
Chiwerengero cha CID yachiwiri ndi chiwerengero cha kupita patsogolo:
- zovuta (chifukwa cha matenda oopsa opatsirana, kuopsa koopsa, kuvulala);
- osachiritsika (akuwonekera pambuyo pa zolephera zapadera, matenda a tizilombo, zotupa, etc.).
Ponena za kusweka:
- kachilombo koyambitsa matenda osapangidwira kwa phagocyte;
- vuto la complement system;
- kachilombo koyambitsa T-cell;
- kuphwanya chitetezo cha umuna;
- kuphatikiza.
Komabe kusiyanitsa:
- IDS yodzidzimutsa - ikufanana ndi kapangidwe ka makina oyambitsa matenda, chifukwa palibe chifukwa chodziwikiratu chochitika;
- matenda omwe amachititsa kachilombo koyambitsa immunodeficiency - chifukwa chake chimveka bwino.
Mafomu a kachilombo ka immunodeficiency
Kuphatikiza pa zigawo zomwe zimaganiziridwa, gawo lachiwiri lomwe limapezekanso zozizwitsa za mawonekedwe omwe amadzipangidwira ndi omwe amadzipangidwirawo amakhalanso okhaokha. Kawirikawiri zimatha kupeza AIDS ngati mtundu umodzi wa matendawa, koma masiku ano ma immunology amatchula matendawa chifukwa cha IDS yomwe inapezedwa, wothandizira omwe ali ndi HIV (kachilombo ka HIV). Edzi pamodzi ndi mawonekedwe omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lawo likhale lachidziwitso.
Mwachidziwitso mawonekedwe apadera a immunodeficiency
Kusakhala kwa katswiri wotsimikizirika wa etiology kumatanthawuza mwadzidzidzi kuteteza thupi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofanana ndi mitundu yoyamba, ndipo kawirikawiri zimayambitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kwa akuluakulu, zovuta kulandira kutupa kosatha zimatanthauzidwa ngati mawonetseredwe achipatala a IDS yachiwiri. Matenda omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri amapezeka mu ziwalo ndi machitidwe:
- maso;
- chithunzi;
- dongosolo la kupuma:
- ziwalo za m'magazi;
- genito-urinary dongosolo.
Anapangitsanso kachilombo koyambitsa matenda
Kuchepetsa kuteteza thupi la munthu kumakhala kochiritsidwa komanso nthawi zambiri mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ovuta kuti athe kubwezeretseratu ntchito ya chitetezo cha thupi. Zowonjezereka zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lopachikidwa mthupi lizikhala ndi:
- njira zothandizira;
- kuvulala kwakukulu;
- matenda okhudzana ndi shuga, matenda a chiwindi ndi impso;
- nthawi zambiri x-rays.
Zimayambitsa zovuta zapachilombo
Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a chidziwitso chachidziwitso chachiwiri komanso ambiri a iwo owerengeka sawerenga ngakhale pang'ono, chifukwa chidziwitso cha IDS chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chinthu china chonse komanso chosasinthika, koma zoona zake ndizo zowonongeka ngati siziri zokhudza kachilombo ka immunodeficiency virus ufulu. Koma ngakhale tikamba za HIV, ndiye kuti tili ndi kachilomboka, ambiri amakhala okalamba kwambiri.
Kotero, zifukwa zowonekera kwa mayiko otere zingakhale:
- Matenda a TB (tuberculosis, pneumococci, staphylococci, meningococci ndi zina zotero);
- helminths ndi invtozoal invasions (ascarids, toxoplasmosis, trichinosis, malaria);
- maphunziro a zamoyo.
- mavuto okhaokha.
- Matenda a tizilombo (nthomba, chiwindi, chiwindi, rubella, herpes, cytomegaly ndi zina zotero);
- kumwa mowa ( thyrotoxicosis , poizoni);
- kupsinjika kwamaganizo ndi kuthupi, kuchitapo kanthu kwa thupi;
- magazi, nephritis , amayaka;
- mankhwala (mankhwala, steroids, chemotherapy);
- Zinthu zachibadwa (msinkhu kapena zaka za mwana, nthawi yobereka mwana);
- Kuperewera kwa zinthu zofunikira komanso zofunikira kwambiri, mavitamini chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi.
Matenda a m'midzi - zizindikiro
Chizindikiro kuti kufufuza mwamsanga za chitetezo cha mthupi kungakhale chizindikiro cha masewero, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala umboni wa mavuto. Zizindikiro za kapangidwe kake ka immunodeficiency:
- purulent meningitis ndi sepsis ;
- Matenda a bakiteriya omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri;
- Nthawi zonse ARVI ndi stomatitis;
- herpes;
- bowa ndi matenda a parasitic;
- kupweteka kwakukulu;
- Mavuto ambiri ndi ENT ziwalo;
- bronchiectatic matenda;
- chibayo.
Mmene thupi limapangidwira
Funso la momwe angaperekere kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa kamene limafunikira kulingalira mwatsatanetsatane, chifukwa osati thanzi labwino, komanso, nthawi zambiri, moyo umadalira mankhwala. Ndili ndi matenda ambiri omwe amayamba chifukwa cha chiwopsezo chotetezeka, m'pofunika kufunsa mwamsanga katswiri ndikufufuza. Ngati kachilombo koyambitsa immunodeficiency kamapezeka, ndiye kuti sikoyenera kuchedwa ndi kuyamba kwa mankhwala.
Chithandizo cha ISD yachiwiri chimayikidwa malingana ndi chiyanjano chomwe chiwonongeko chimapezeka. Pa mankhwalawa, masitepe oyambirira amachotsedwa kuti athetse zifukwa za matendawa. Monga lamulo, izi ndizomwe zimakhala zosangalatsa pambuyo pa ntchito, kuvulala, kuwotchedwa, etc., zomwe zachitika.Ngati thupi liri ndi kachilombo, kukhalapo kwa mabakiteriya, mavairasi ndi bowa zidzachotsedwa mothandizidwa ndi kukonzekera mankhwala.
- Pamene matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timauzidwa (Abaktal, Amoxiclav, Vancomycin, Gentamicin, Oxacillin).
- Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tapezeka, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapatsidwa (Ecodax, Candid, Diflucan, Fungoterbine).
- Mankhwala a Anthelminthic amalembedwa pamaso pa mphutsi (Helminthox, Centel, Nemosol, Pirantel).
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito ma antiretroviral amaperekedwa kuti apange kachilombo ka HIV (Amiksin, Arbidol, Abakavir, Phosphazid).
- Majekeseni a Immunoglobulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakayakaya pamene thupi limapanga ma immunoglobulins (kuchepa kwa thupi).
- Anthu osadziwika bwino amapereka matenda osiyanasiyana osiyana siyana (Cordizex, Roncoleukin, Yuvet, etc.).