Timolol ndi mankhwala ophthalmologic antiglaucoma, omwe ali pa mndandanda wa mankhwala ofunika kwambiri. Ganizirani za chidziwitso choyamba pa madontho a maso a Timolol, omwe wodwalayo amafunikira pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a kukonzekera kwa Timolol
Monga lamulo, madontho a maso a Timolol amapezeka m'mabotolo apulasitiki. Chigawo chogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa ndi timolol mu mawonekedwe a maleate (maleic acid salt). Mankhwalawa amapezeka m'matope awa: 0,5% (5 mg timolol mu 1 ml yankho) kapena 0.25% (2.5 mg timolol mu 1 ml yankho).
Zowonjezerapo kwa madontho a diso timolol:
- sodium chloride;
- benzalkonium chloride;
- sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate;
- disodium phosphate dodecahydrate;
- mpweya wa sodium;
- madzi osambitsidwa.
Zizindikiro za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa madontho Timolol:
- odwala kwambiri (kuchulukitsidwa kwa intraocular pressure);
- glaucoma yotseguka;
- Galasioma yotsekedwa (kuphatikizapo miotics);
- yachiwiri glaucoma (uveal, posttraumatic, aphakic);
- Congenital glaucoma (popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zochiritsira).
Pharmacological zochita za diso madontho Timolol
Chinthu chachikulu cha mankhwalawa ndi chogwira ntchito kwambiri, chosakhala-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (chida chomwe chimachepetsa chikoka cha mitsempha).
Zotsatira za mankhwalawa ndizochepa chifukwa cha kuchepetsedwa kwa intraocular fluid, koma kuwonjezeka kwina mukutuluka sikuchotsedwe. Mankhwala a timolol samakhudza kukula kwa wophunzira, malo ogona komanso kubwezeretsa, komanso amalola kuti pang'onopang'ono kugonana kwapakati (ophthalmotonus) kugone.
Kuchepetsa ophthalmotonus kumapindula pokhapokha poyambira koyamba komanso kuwonjezeka kwa pathupi. Zotsatira zake zimachitika, monga lamulo, mphindi 20 mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, amatha kufika patali patapita maola awiri kapena awiri. Kutenga kwa madontho a timolol ndi pafupifupi maola 24.
Timolol maleate imathamanga kwambiri kudzera mu cornea. Pang'ono pokha, mankhwalawa amaphatikizapo kusinthasintha kwa machitidwe pogwiritsa ntchito ziwiya za conjunctiva ndi kugwedeza duct.
Njira yothandizira komanso nthawi ya timolol
Malinga ndi malangizo okhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa madontho a maso Timolol, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa ndi dontho limodzi tsiku lililonse pafupipafupi 1-2 patsiku. Njira yothetsera vutoli ikulimbikitsidwa ndi dokotala payekha. Ngati palibe chokwanira, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowonjezerapo. Pambuyo poyambitsa kupanikizika kwa pathupi, mlingo wa madontho a madokotala ukuponyera 1 patsiku.
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali (pafupipafupi, mpaka masabata asanu ndi limodzi). Nthawi ya mankhwalawa imadalira nthawi ya matendawa. Kupumula pogwiritsa ntchito madontho a timolol kapena kusintha kwa mlingo kungapangidwe pokhapokha pazomwe adokotala akupezekapo.
Zotsatira zoyipa za Timolol Madzi:
- kuchepetsa kunyoza;
- chotsitsa anesthesia;
- chiwonongeko;
- zizindikiro za kukwiya kofatsa.
Odwala ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa nthawi yaitali, amawotheka:
- kukonza;
- bongo;
- choyimitsa;
- mpweya wochepa ;
- bronchospasm;
- chizungulire.
Contraindications kugwiritsa ntchito madontho Timolol:
- mphutsi yamoto;
- matenda osokoneza bongo;
- sinus bradycardia;
- atrioventricular blockade wa degree II ndi III;
- shuga;
- mtima;
- mimba ndi lactation;
- hypersensitivity kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za mankhwala.
Timolol - ofanana
Timolol pokambirana ndi dokotala akhoza kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala ofanana nawo. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Kuphatikiza;
- Chiti;
- Zoyim;
- Xalatan;
- Pilocarpine;
- Betoptik.