Ogorodniku ndi zofunika kudziwa kuti isanayambike kasupe ntchito, mbewu za mtundu wa tomato zidzakhala zabwino kwambiri pa chiwembu chake. Pofuna kukolola mofulumira, monga lamulo, gwiritsani ntchito tomato zosiyanasiyana: ndi chiyani chomwe mukufunikira kumvetsetsa kuti mupewe zolakwika mukukonzekera kubzala.
Chodziwika ndi chokhazikika - kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani?
Pamene tigula mbewu za tomato, ndiye pamapangidwe amasonyeza - mtundu wa determinant (kapena indeterminate). Kodi ndi tomato yodalirika komanso yotani ndipo ndi kusiyana kotani pakati pawo:
- Mitundu yodziwika ya tomato. Kutalika kwa chitsamba chafika pa masentimita 110, kukula kwake kumasiya pambuyo pa zingwe 3-5 maburashi okwirira. Mitundu iyi imapereka zokolola kale (kumadulidwa - masiku 80-90 mutabzala, kukula pakati - patatha masiku 100-110). Zosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kuzimbana ndi matenda.
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato. Kukula sikungatheke, choncho chitsamba chimafuna kuti munthu azikhala wodalirika. Khalani ndi kusakaniza kamene, chifukwa burashi yoyamba imapangidwa kokha pambuyo pa tsamba lachisanu ndi chitatu chakhumi. Poyera nthaka mitundu imeneyi ndi bwino kukula kum'mwera zigawo. Pamwamba kukana matenda a tomato. Mukakulira mumatope obiriwira akhoza kubala zipatso chaka chonse. Mitengo imafuna mapangidwe nthawi zonse.
Mitengo ya phwetekere yodalirika ya greenhouses
Mitengo yeniyeni imayikidwa pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phwetekere, yomwe imakula mu greenhouses, kumene kuli kovuta kupewa kutentha kwapamwamba ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha. Hothouse zimathandiza kukula kwa fungal ndi matenda ena a tomato. Choncho, wosakanizidwa ololera determinant phwetekere mitundu kwa wowonjezera kutentha, kugonjetsedwa ndi phytophthora , zowola ndi matenda ena,
- F1 Bourgeois;
- Open F1;
- Chidole cha F1.
N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti sikutheka kupeza mbewu kuchokera ku mitundu yambiri ya tomato. Kotero ngati mukukonzekera kudzipatsa nokha mbeu, ndi bwino kuyamba zachizolowezi, osati mitundu yambiri,
- Alsou;
- Seagull;
- Mkaziyo.
Tomato odziŵika kuti atsegule pansi
Matato otsegulira malo otseguka anali abwino kwambiri:
- Volgogradsky 323;
- Tarpan F1;
- Phwetekere Bobcat F1;
- Kamphanga Kakang'ono Kofiira.
Obala kwambiri determinant mitundu ya tomato
Ogorodniki nthawi zonse amayesetsa kupeza yabwino determinant zosiyanasiyana tomato, kuti palatability ali pamtunda, ndipo zokolola zambiri - kwenikweni, ziwembu za dziko allocated munda mbewu, mwachizolowezi, yaing'ono kukula. Mwa zipatso zambiri zingatchedwe:
- Chithunzi;
- Renet;
- Chimphona cha rasipiberi
Kodi kukula tomato determinant mu wowonjezera kutentha?
Kukula tomato wochititsa chidwi mu wowonjezera kutentha, ngakhale kuti kumafuna khama, koma osati ntchito yosatheka. Chinthu chachikulu sikuti kubzala kubzala, kumangika bwino chitsamba ndipo kumangiriza nthambi za phwetekere kuti zitheke, osalola kuti chitsamba chikhale pansi pa kulemera kwa chipatsocho. Nkofunikanso kupeŵa chinyezi chokwanira, kugwiritsa ntchito ulimi wothirira mafuta kapena mabotolo apulasitiki omwe ali pansi ndi mabowo omwe madziwo amatsitsa nthaka ndi mizu, osatuluka kuchokera pamwamba.
Samalani tomato wodziwika
Nyamayi iliyonse imayenera kusamalidwa nthawi zonse. Matato ozindikira sizodziwikiratu, kuwasamalira ndi kofunika pazitsamba zonse za zomera. Zimaphatikizapo ndondomeko zotsatirazi:
- Musanadzale mbande komanso pakukula kwa mbeu, yesani tizirombo. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zomera kungapereke chimbalangondo , wireworm, fosholo, whitefly.
- Chitani feteleza nthawi zonse ndi feteleza ndi ma microelements.
- Pofuna kuthetsa chiopsezo cha phytophthora, mpweya uyenera kudutsa mwaufulu pakati pa zomera. Gwirani zitsulo zazikulu ndi zazikulu ku zothandizira. Izi zimachepetsa katundu pa tsinde ndikupewa kupatukana kapena kupunthwa.
- Chitani chovala chapamwamba cha tomato ndi feteleza ndi microelements.
- Kuthirira kumachitika pafupi madzulo, koma kuti chinyezi pamasamba chiume chisanafike dzuwa.
- Pa kucha kwa burashi ya zipatso, timachotsa masamba pansi pake (1-2 zidutswa pa sabata, osati zina). Kokha popanda kutentheka: pa chomeracho ayenera kukhala ndi mapepala osachepera 15-20, makamaka nyengo yotentha. Masamba musamang'ambe manja anu, koma muwadule kuti asawononge tsinde.
- Pofuna kuletsa kukula kwa namsongole, mzuwo sunapitirire ndipo chinyezi chinakhalabe m'nthaka, nchinyontho chozungulira zomera.
Kupanga tomato wodziwika
Ngati mukufuna kukakolola mbewu zabwino za phwetekere, sikokwanira kulingalira momwe zimakhalira kupanga tomato yodalirika mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso pamalo otseguka. Kale musanayambe kubzala mbeu, dziwani ngati mungapange chitsamba ngati tsinde limodzi kapena awiri kapena atatu - izi zikutengera mtunda umene uyenera kutsalira pakati pa tchire mukamabzala (osachepera pamtunda, umatha kubzala tomato).
Mitengo oyambirira ndi supernumerous tomato ndi umuna ngakhale pamaso kukula ndipo akhoza kuchita popanda mapangidwe. Kutalika - mawonekedwe mu tsinde limodzi, kuswa nthawi zonse. Ali ndi zaka zapansi pansi pa burashi loyamba la maluwa achoke pamapangidwe a phwetekere "mu magawo awiri." Mukamapanga "magawo atatu" pogwiritsa ntchito 1-2 inflorescences, musiye mwana wina wobadwa naye. Masitepe otsalirawo amachotsedwa mpaka atakwanira kukula kwa masentimita atatu. Pamene kulima tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha, chitsamba chimapangidwa kukhala ziwiri kapena zitatu zimayambira, kusiya zitsamba zisanu ndi ziwiri zotsamba pambewu.
Malingana ndi malo odzala tomato (kutsekedwa kapena kutseguka pansi), kuchokera mu miyezi yomwe mukukonzekera kukolola, kodi mumatha kupanga mapiritsi kwa inu ndipo muyenera kusankha - musankhe tomato osakwanira kapena osakaniza: kodi inu mukudziwa ndipo simukuvomereza masitepe olakwika, mutakula zambiri zokolola za tomato.