Matenda a Hodgkin (Hodgkin's lymphoma, lymphogranulomatosis) ndi matenda omwe sungathe kukhalapo pakati pa ana ndi akulu, koma amapezeka kawirikawiri m'magulu awiri: zaka 20-29 ndi pambuyo pa zaka 55. Amatchedwa matenda olemekezeka ndi Dokotala Wachizungu T. Hodgkin, yemwe anayamba kufotokoza izo.
Matenda a Hodgkin - Ndi chiyani?
Matenda omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtundu wa chifuwa chachikulu chomwe chimayamba kuchokera ku minofu ya lymphoid. Matenda a Lymphoid amadziwika kwambiri m'thupi ndipo amapezeka ndi maselo a mitsempha yambirimbiri, yomwe imapezeka makamaka m'matumbo ndi nthata, komanso mu ziwalo zina zambiri (thymus gland, bone marrow, etc.) ngati mawonekedwe aang'ono.
Zifukwa za Matenda a Hodgkin
Matendawa amayamba kukula chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a maselo akuluakulu a mthupi omwe amapezeka mu kufufuza kwa mitsempha yamagetsi yomwe ikukhudzidwa pansi pa microscope. Komabe, chifukwa chenichenicho cha mawonekedwe a maselowa sichinafikepo, ndipo maphunziro akupitirizabe kuchitika kumbali iyi.
Malingaliro amodzi, matendawa ali ndi matenda opatsirana, motsimikiziridwa ndi kupezeka kwa theka la odwala ndi kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr. Palinso umboni wothandizira mgwirizano wa matenda a Hodgkin ndi matenda opatsirana otchedwa mononucleosis.
Zina zowonongeka ndi:
- zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, zotsatira za mankhwala;
- zizoloŵezi zoipa;
- chibadwa.
Zizindikiro za Matenda a Hodgkin
Popeza kuti mbali iliyonse ya minofu ya lymphoid ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'thupi, mawonetseredwe a matendawa amagwirizanitsidwa ndi dera la zilonda. Zizindikiro zake zoyamba ndizosawerengeka odwala oopsa, chifukwa iwo akhoza kukhalapo pa matenda ena osiyanasiyana.
Monga lamulo, kudandaula koyamba kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa maselo am'thupi kumbali ya moyo wathanzi. Kawirikawiri, choyamba, mitsempha ya chiberekero imakhudzidwa, ndiye axillary ndi inguinal. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwawo mofulumira, kupweteka kwawo kumawoneka.
Nthaŵi zina, minofu ya lymphoid ya chifuwa imakhudzidwa poyamba. Kenaka chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda a Hodgkin chingakhale kupweteka pachifuwa, kupuma pang'ono, kupuma pang'ono kapena chifuwa chifukwa cha kupanikizika m'mapapo ndi bronchi a mitsempha yowonjezera. Pamene zilonda za mitsempha ya m'mimba zimadandaula za mavuto ndi kupweteka m'mimba, kusowa kwa njala.
Pambuyo pake (kuyambira masabata angapo mpaka miyezi ingapo), njira yothetsera matendayo imasiya kukhala yamba, matendawa amapitirira mpaka minofu ya thupi lonse. Zilonda zam'mimba zonse, nthawi zambiri komanso nthenda, chiwindi, mafupa amakula.
Kukula kwa matendawa kumadziwika ndi zizindikiro zotere:
- ululu m'mkati, mafupa;
- kutentha kwa thupi;
- thukuta lozizira usiku;
- kukula;
- Kuwotcha khungu pamalo am'mimba (makamaka kumwa mowa);
- kulemera.
Kuchiza kwa Matenda a Hodgkin
Masiku ano, njirazi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a Hodgkin:
- mankhwala;
- chemotherapy ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana;
- kuphatikizapo mankhwala othandizira ma radiation ndi chemotherapy;
- chemotherapy ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochulukirapo owonjezera mankhwala opatsirana mafupa.
Monga lamulo, njira yoyamba yothandizira imayamba kuchipatala, ndipo odwala amapitiriza chithandizo kuchipatala.
Matenda a Hodgkin ndi zotsatira zake
Njira zamakono zothandizira matendawa zingapereke chikhulumtima chautali komanso chokwanira (nthawi zina m'milandu yosanyalanyaza). Amakhulupirira kuti odwala omwe amakhululukidwa kwathunthu amatha zaka zopitirira zisanu pakutha mankhwalawo potsirizira pake atachiritsidwa.