Kusamalira nsapato n'kofunikira osati kungooneka kooneka bwino, komanso kuwonjezera moyo wake wautumiki. N'chifukwa chake zaka zoposa mazana asanu zapitazo, mafuta onunkhira anapangidwa. Panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Charles II, a ku France anapeza njira zosavuta zotsuka nsapato, zomwe zinapangidwa ndi zinthu monga dzira, mafuta ovuni, viniga kapena mowa. Chida, ndithudi, chinali chotsika mtengo, koma panalibe luntha lapadera kwa ilo mwina. Pambuyo pa kuyanika kwathunthu, sera iyi inasiya kuwala ndi kupeza mthunzi wa matte. Ndipo a Chingerezi akwanitsa kusintha chida ichi ndi kupeza zotsatira zabwino ndikukhulupirirabe kuti mutu wa opezeka pa katemerawa ukhale wawo.
Pakalipano, pali opanga ambiri omwe amapanga nsalu ya nsapato kuchokera ku zigawo zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, otsala a zitsamba zakale za Chingerezi apulumuka, ndipo mpaka lero amagwiritsira ntchito molasses, sera, fupa, fupa, mafuta, mafuta ndi turpentine mafuta, shellac, ndi zina zotero. Nichola, sitima za Kelner ndi Bruner.
Mitundu yonse yamakono ya gutalin ikhoza kusankhidwa malinga ndi mtundu wa solvent waukulu, momwe gawoli limasewera ndi:
- phula pamaziko a madzi, omwe nthawi zambiri amawotcha. Njira zoterezi zimasamalira nsapato zokhazokha, osati kusintha pazochitika zake zonse;
- amatanthauza mafuta opangidwa ndi turpentine (chikho chimatchedwa turpentine) ndi zotentha komanso zimakhala ndi fungo labwino. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ndi kusunga, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena ndi malamulo otetezeka. Mafuta a nsapato za chikopa zopangidwa ndi turpentine nthawi zambiri amadzazidwa ndi zitini za tinini ndi zivindikiro zoyenera kuti zisawonongeke kwa turpentine;
- Gutalin yokhazikika pa mafuta a mink ndiwo njira zamtengo wapatali zotsuka nsapato.
Pakadali pano, palinso makina opangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina osakanizidwa - maziko awo ndi madzi ndi turpentine.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mafuta odzola nsapato?
Msika wa zopangira nsapato zamakono ungagawidwe mwa:
- mankhwala okoma, omwe akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito nyengo yotentha. Emulsion ndi emulsion zamadzimadzi zothandizira nsapato sizikhala ndi zotsekemera (nthawi zambiri madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito), choncho maganizo awo pa nsapato ndi ovuta kwambiri. Zida zimenezi zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzekera nsapato zamtengo wapatali. Mlingo wa chitetezo ku chinyezi mu emulsions ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa mafuta odzola, ngakhale kukonzekera madzi kumathandiza kuti khungu likhale lolimba komanso lolemera;
- kirimu chobiriwira, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku kuti asamalire nsapato. Mankhwalawa amachokera ku zinthu zokhala ngati sera, mafuta a nyama, mabala ndi masituni. Kupeza mafuta obiriwira, muyenera kukumbukira kuti ili ndi fungo lakuthwa.
Pazifukwa zina, otchuka kwambiri pakati pa ogula ndi nsapato
Kuti muthe kusankha kirimu choyenera, musanagule, muyenera kufufuza mosamalitsa zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati mafuta ali oposa 40%, kirimu ikhoza kuteteza nsapato ku chinyezi ndikupanga khungu kutsekeka. Pamwamba pa silicone kapena sera imasonyeza kuti kirimu chimapatsa kuwala. Mavitamini amathandiza kuthetseratu fumbi ndi dothi, ndi utoto - kuti asinthe malo otupa.