Imodzi mwa njira zotetezera zomera kuchokera ku zinthu zoipa zachilengedwe ndi nthaka mulching. Mulch amaonedwa kuti akuphimba pansi pafupi ndi chomera chomera chosanjikiza. Anthu omwe akufuna kudziwa zambiri za momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nthaka, momwe zilili komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito, m'pofunikira kuwerenga mfundo zothandiza pa mutu uwu.
Kodi mulching zomera ndi chiyani?
Kupereka tanthauzo lenileni la chomwe ichi, ndizotheka m'njira yotsatirayi: chomwe chimatchedwa malo ogona a malo pafupi ndi mbewu zomwe zabzala m'munda ndi munda wamtunduwu ndi wosanjikiza wa zinthu zonse zomwe zimadutsa mpweya ndi madzi bwino. Njira imeneyi yokonza zomera zomwe zimadziwika kwa wamaluwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Ambiri sanayesere kuzigwiritsa ntchito mwakhama, chifukwa poyamba sakhulupirira kuti zatha. Komabe, omwe alimi wamaluwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi, amakhulupirira kuti zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino pamapeto a zokolola. Amaluwa ena amakhala ndi zinsinsi zawo.
Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito bwanji nthaka?
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popuntha nthaka zingakhale zachilengedwe komanso zosakaniza. Oimira mitundu yoyamba ikayamba kuvunda, pamene akudyetsa nthaka. Zimathandiza kuti nthaka isinthe. Zosakaniza zokongoletsera zakuthupi zimasintha asidi a dziko, kotero muyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito mosamala.
Zolemba zamagulu ndizo:
- munda wam'munda ndi bowa;
- masamba owuma ndi foliar humus;
- manyowa ndi udzu;
- Wood zipangizo (utuchi, shavings, etc.);
- udzu;
- udzu wofesedwa;
- mazira ;
- Wosweka mitundu ya mankhwala osiyanasiyana (nettle, legumes, comfrey, yarrow ndi ena).
Zogwiritsira ntchito zamagetsi zowonongeka, pambali pa chitetezo, zimakhalanso zokongoletsera ntchito. Izi zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi zachilengedwe:
- mwala;
- shale;
- miyala;
- wosweka;
- mafuta a marble;
- granite crumb;
- zojambula zamitundu.
Kukulumikiza ndi utuchi
Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya feteleza, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa utuchi ndi njira yopezera ndalama, ndi zipangizo zokomera zachilengedwe. Koma mulching ndi utuchi uli ndi maonekedwe omwe ayenera kuganiziridwa. Choncho, chifukwa cha izi, ndikofunika kupanga utuchi (osati chiwombankhanga choyamba ndi chiyero) mu kompositi . Nthaŵi yabwino kwambiri iyi ndi nthawi ya kasupe, choncho imavunda mofulumira.
Kukonzekera mulch ku utuchi, zitsamba zamtengo wapatali, urea, phulusa ndi madzi zidzafunika. Zimalangizanso kuwonjezera udzu, kutchera udzu ndi mitundu yambiri ya zinyalala. Urea umasakanizidwa ndi madzi mpaka utasungunuka kwathunthu. Njirayi imakonzera zowonjezera kuti zisakanike. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera manyowa ku mulch. Choncho kutsekemera sikudzangoteteza nthaka ku zinthu zolakwika, koma zidzakwaniritsidwanso ndi zinthu zothandiza.
Mulching ndi udzu
Udzu ngati mulch wa nthaka ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kaya wokha kapena kuphatikiza ndi zipangizo zina za mtundu wa mtundu. Zotsatira zake ndi ntchito yake kuphatikizapo kompositi kapena udzu. Monga ndi njira ina iliyonse yobzala feteleza nthaka, udzu wambiri umakhala ndi ubwino ndi zowonongeka. Chimodzi mwa zolakwika zomwe anthu ambiri amachita ndi wamabisa ndi kubisala kwadothi. Pachifukwa ichi, mbali yake ya pansi imavunda.
Dothi la dothi, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito udzu wodulidwa. Amawaza masentimita awiri (osapitirira). Pambuyo pakapita masabata awiri mukhoza kuwonjezera mulch muzinyumba zing'onozing'ono. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimapereka mulching kuchokera ku udzu wodula ndi manyowa. Zowonjezerazi ndizofunikira kwambiri kumtunda composting (njira ina ya mulching). Njira yothandizira izi ndi izi: Kusinthanitsa magawo a udzu, manyowa, masamba obiriwira a zomera. Zonsezi zikuphimbidwa ndi pamwamba pa mabedi okonzeka. Kuonjezera zotsatira za feteleza kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kakhale madzi.
Kukulumikiza udzu wouma
Zokwanira kuti mulching zikhale zouma udzu, zatsopano si zabwino. Kuwombera ndi udzu wapangidwa pa mabedi omwe kale anali namsongole komanso madzi okwanira. Nthaka iyenera kutenthedwa ndi dzuwa, kopanda apo kukula kwa zomera pansi pa wosanjikiza wa mulch kungachepetse. Udzuwo umadulidwa mu mphika wa masentimita 5-7. Pang'onopang'ono udzakhala wochepa thupi, ndipo kuyenera kutsanulira mulch pang'ono kuchokera pamwamba.
Kukulumikiza ndi tiyi tazira
Mosiyana ndi ma-mulching ophweka, timayipi ndizowonjezera, zomwe ndi pepala lopanikizika. Kupyolera mwa iwo, palibe udzu umatha, ndipo ngakhale trays amatha kusunga chinyezi. Kulumikiza nthaka ndi dzira la dzira kumatulutsa dothi, limapangitsa dothi kukhala lotayirira ndikupangitsanso kayendedwe kake. Ngati simukuyendetsa matayala otchinga pamabedi, ndikuyenda panjira yopanda kwa iwo, zipangizozi sizingathetsedwe ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'chaka chotsatira.
Kukulumikiza ndi peat
Peat monga njira ya mulch imakhala ngati kutsuka kwa zakudya padziko lapansi. Zinthu izi zimalepheretsa chitukuko cha zomera ku zomera. Mulch uyu sayenera kuchotsedwa pabedi - peat imapita pansi. Kuphimba peti kumapeto kwa nyengo kumapereka malo abwino kwambiri kuti apeze zokolola zambiri. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zinthu zachilengedwe izi zimathandiza kukula kwa mbewu.
Kukulumikiza ndi singano zapaini
Masingano a mulching kapena singano zapaini ndi feteleza abwino kwambiri. Ndibwino kuti tiwonjezere singano molunjika pansi. Choncho khalidwe la nthaka yobereka lidzakula kwambiri. Kuphatikizana ndi singano zapaini kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa nthaka. Pa nthawi yomweyi, izi zimachepetsa kukula kwa zomera zina. Kuchokera ku tomato wotere, nkhaka, aubergines amakula bwino. Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito singano zapine kuphatikizapo udzu ndi udzu (zingakhale udzu). The chifukwa osakaniza ayenera kuvunda mu miyezi ingapo.
Kuphatikizana ndi makungwa a pine - malamulo
Mphepete mwa mitengo ya coniferous kuti mulching ikhale yoyenera kukonza mabulosi a mabulosi ndi mbewu zamasamba zosatha. Mthunzi woterewu umapititsa madzi mwapadera ndipo salola kuti iwo asungunuka. Chifukwa cha kusungidwa kwa chinyezi, mizu ya zomera siuma. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa makungwa kuti agwedeze nthaka kumateteza zomera kuti zipeze nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous. Choncho, zidzakhalanso zofunikira kuwonjezera mchere ndi nitrojeni ndi phosphorous.
Olima munda amatenga lamulo la kuika pansi pa mulch wotere ndi wina wosanjikiza wa udzu wofesedwa ndi makatoni kapena pepala lakuda. Makungwawo amateteza mabedi kumsongole, ndipo kuphatikiza ndi zipangizozi, zotetezera zimangowonjezera. Kukulumikiza nthaka ndi makungwa kumalimbikitsidwa kuti ichitidwe nthawi yophukira. Lamulo lina: mulch uyu sayenera kukhudza makungwa a mitengo kapena mitengo. Izi zingachititse kuti kalotiyo ichepetsere pa nthawi ya thaw.
Kawirikawiri, wamaluwa osadziŵa zambiri amaluwa amafuna kudziwa zochuluka zowonjezera nthaka, chomwe chiri ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito. Chidwi chotere mwa njirayi sizodabwitsa. Kukhalitsa kwa nthaka kwakhala kotchuka chifukwa cha zotsatira zake zabwino. Zokolola zimachulukitsa nthawi zambiri komanso kusamalira mbewu kumakhala kosavuta, popeza kugwiritsa ntchito mulch sikufuna madzi okwanira nthawi zonse.