Khansara yamkuwa - zizindikiro, mayeza ndi mankhwala pazigawo zonse za matendawa

Kwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe anadwala matenda a khansa yowonongeka anapezeka kangapo. Mu njira imeneyi, mapangidwe a mazira opangidwa kuchokera ku integumentary epithelium ndi gonchial glands, omwe ali ndi khalidwe loipa.

Khansa Yachimake - Zimayambitsa

Pali mndandanda wa zifukwa zomwe zingayambitse chitukuko cha zamoyo mu bronchi.

1. Ziphuphu zoopsa zimapangidwa panthawi ya kusintha kwa maselo abwino. Chifukwa chake izi zimachitika madokotala sanapeze tsatanetsatane yeniyeni.
2. Chotupa mu bronchi chikhoza kukula chifukwa cha kusuta , popeza chikonga chikhoza kuwononga mucosa mumlengalenga. Kuwonjezera apo, kutentha kumasokoneza ndondomeko ya selo logawanika, komwe kumabweretsa kuwonjezereka kofulumira kwa chikhomo.
3. Gwiritsani ntchito movutikira, mwachitsanzo, m'migodi, pa chomera cha mankhwala kapena pa chomera cha nyukiliya.
4. Kukhalapo kwa matenda aakulu, zilonda pamapapo pambuyo pochiza chifuwa chachikulu ndi zina zotero.

Mitundu ya khansa ya bronchus

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya zotupa zomwe zimapezeka mu bronchi:

1. Momwemo, pamene mavolasi amangofuna gawo limodzi ndi magawo ena, amasonyeza khansa yapakati ya bronchi. Pankhaniyi, chotupa chimakula mofulumira mkati mwa chiwalo.
2. Khansara ya m'mimba ya bronchi mwa amayi ndi amuna imatsagana ndi neoplasia ya mbali za distalitis. Mtundu uwu wa matenda kwa nthawi yayitali umakhala wotsegula.

Squamous cell carcinoma ya bronchi

Khansara ya epidermal ndi yowonjezeka kwambiri ndipo imapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo akuluakulu omwe ali auzimu kapena polar. Chotupacho chingakhale chazing'ono zosiyana, kapena popanda katalatinization. Squamous cell carcinoma ya bronchus ili ndi nthendayi yaikulu ndipo nthawi zambiri matendawa ndi osavomerezeka komanso amakhala otsika.

Kachilombo kakang'ono ka carcinoma ya bronchi

Mtundu wa khansara wosasokonezeka, umene umapangidwira kukula, ndipo nthawi zambiri chifuwa chimachokera mwachindunji m'mapapo. Zili ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono, opanda zizindikiro za epithelium. Iwo ali ngati mawonekedwe a garland kapena njira. Nthaŵi zina, khansara yaing'ono imapanga metastase yambiri, ndipo imafalikira mofulumira kumatenda apafupi.

Mtundu uwu wa matendawa ndi pafupifupi 20-25% mwa mitundu yonse yowonongeka ndipo ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kusuta. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti khansara ya bronchi imakhala yowawa kwambiri, monga chotupa chimachepetsa ku ziwalo zakutali, mwachitsanzo, zizindikiro za adrenal, ubongo ndi mafupa. Mankhwala osalimba sangathe kugwira ntchito, motero, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi ma radiation amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza.

Large cell carcinoma

Mu mawonekedwe awa, mapangidwewa ali ndi maselo akulu. Pali mitundu iwiri ya khansara: ndi kumasulidwa kwa ntchentche komanso ndi mitsempha yodzaza ndi maselo amodzi. Khungu lalikulu la carcinoma ndi matenda omwe amadziwonetsa kawirikawiri, ndipo izi ndi zabwino, chifukwa zotsatira zowonongeka zimawonetsedwa kumayambiriro oyambirira. Oncologists amavomereza kuti mapangidwe a mtundu umenewu amakhudza kusuta fodya komanso kudalira mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Bronchial adenocarcinoma

Chodabwitsa cha cell carcinoma chimadziwika ndi maonekedwe a chotupa chokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi kupanga ntchentche. Chotupacho chimapezeka m'mbali mwa mapapo, ndipo m'zigawo zoyambirira zizindikiro siziwoneka. Bronchial adenocarcinoma imatha kulowa mu ubongo. Mukazindikira kuti chotupacho chiyambire, chingachotsedwe pochita opaleshoni.

Khansara ya bronchi - zizindikiro

Nthawi yomweyo tiyenera kutchula kuti kukula kwa chotupa kumatenga nthawi yaitali, kotero, mpaka poyamba zizindikiro zatsimikizika kuyambira pakuyambika kwa matendawa, palibe chaka chimodzi chodutsa. Kupeza momwe khansara ya bronchi ikuwonetseredwa, ndikuyenera kuzindikira kuti malinga ndi chithandizochi, zizindikiro izi zikusiyana:

1. Zamoyo. Pa gawo loyambirira ili, palibe zizindikiro zamankhwala komanso zamagetsi. Pochita fluorography, munthu amatha kusintha kusintha kwa pulmonary.
2. Asymptomatic. Pali chitukuko cha zizindikiro zoyamba, zomwe zimatsimikizika pa X-ray.
3. Gawo la mawonetseredwe a chipatala. Wodwala amadziwa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana ndipo matendawa akuyamba kukula.

Mu gawo lachiwiri ndi lachitatu, pangakhale kusintha kwa chikhalidwe chaumunthu chomwe chiri choyimira matenda ena, mwachitsanzo, mu ARVI, chibayo, ndi zina zotero. Pamapeto pa khansa, zizindikiro za kuperewera kwa pulmonari zimapezeka, maonekedwe a mpweya wochepa, kupweteka pachifuwa ndi mavuto mu ntchito ya mtima.

Khansara yamoto - zizindikiro, zizindikiro zoyambirira

Matenda ambiri a chilengedwe ali ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira, kotero odwala safika kawirikawiri kuchipatala, pamene mankhwala akugwira bwino kwambiri. Zizindikiro za khansa yowonongeka panthawi yoyambirira: kutsokomola, kuchepa kwa ntchito ndi kutopa kwanthawi yaitali , kuchepa kwa thupi ndi chilakolako. Patapita kanthawi, zizindikiro zowonjezera kupuma zimakula pang'ono. Zizindikiro zoyamba za khansa yopweteka ndizooneka ngati zimakhala zopweteka kwambiri pamene chotupa chikukula mumatenda ozungulira.

Zotsatira za chotupa cha khansa

Pali magawo anayi a chitukuko cha matendawa ndipo aliyense ali ndi zizindikiro zake. Madokotala amanena kuti chithandizocho chidzapereka zotsatira mu magawo awiri oyambirira ndipo posakhalitsa zizindikiro za khansara yowononga zimapezeka, zimakhala bwino.

1. Gawo nambala 1. Neoplasm sichimafika mamita 3 masentimita. Nthawi zambiri, imapezeka m'madera ena a bronchus, koma metastasis sichiwonetsedwa.
2. Gawo nambala 2. Metastases amayamba kufalikira ku maselo am'deralo. Mimba ya mapangidwewa amafika pa masentimita 6.
3. Gawo nambala 3. Panthawi imeneyi, chotupacho chimakula kwambiri mu bronchi, zizindikiro zimatsimikiziridwa ndipo metastasis imapezeka kale m'matumbo. Mfundo ina yofunikira - njira yowonjezera ikupita ku bronchus pafupi.
4. Gawo nambala 4. Zizindikiro za khansa pleurisy ndi metastases zimakhala ndi ziwalo zina zofunika. Pazigawo zinayi, khansara yowonongeka ilibe vuto. Maphunziro sangathe kugwira ntchito, ndipo chithandizochi chidzakhala ndi ma radiation ndi chemotherapy .

Khansara yamoto - matenda

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira zoterezi: CT, MRI ndi X-ray. Amathandizira kuzindikira osati kukhalapo kokha, komanso malo komanso kuchuluka kwa chotupacho. Zimathandiza kudziwa khansa ya bronchi X-rays ndi njira zina, ndipo ngakhale matendawa akuphatikizapo kuyezetsa magazi kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa leukocyte ndi magawo a ESR. Kufufuza kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa kumathandiza kudziwa momwe maphunziro amaphunzitsira.

Khansara ya bronchi - mankhwala

Kuti athandize wodwala, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira odwala komanso opaleshoni. Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo chithandizo chamagetsi, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi ndi ntchito. Kutsekemera kwachitika kwa miyezi iwiri. ndipo mlingo wathunthu ndi wa 70 Wofiira. Kuti tichite chotupa popanda mankhwala a anesthesia komanso opaleshoni yovuta opaleshoni, madokotala, pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za munthu aliyense, amatha kupereka mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mpeni wa cyber. Chida ichi chikutulutsa ma radiation omwe amachotsa zotupa ndi metastases.

Kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kali ndi khungu (stade 3 ndi magawo ena ovuta) amachizidwa ndi chemotherapy. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati palibe kuthekera kochita ntchitoyi. Perekani mankhwala a chemotherapy pamene kuli koyenera kuchiza chotupa chazing'ono cha selo chomwe chili chovuta kwa mankhwala oterowo. Mu mitundu yochepa ya selo, chemotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa maphunziro ndi ululu, komanso kubwezeretsanso ntchito yopuma. Chithandizo cha khansa yopweteka ndi mankhwala ochiritsika sichitheka ndi koopsa.

Ntchito yothandizira sangathe kuchitika nthawi zonse. Khansara yamatenda imachiritsidwa mofulumira ngati mapangidwe achotsedwapo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti wodwalayo apulumuke mwamsanga. Mu magawo anayi, opaleshoniyi siigwiridwe, chifukwa metastases imakhudza zinyama zapafupi, ndipo kusokoneza koteroko sikungathandize. Chithandizo cha opaleshoni cha khansa chikuchitika m'njira zingapo, ndipo kusankha kosankha kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa njirayi:

1. Lobectomy imatanthawuza resection ya lobe ya mapapo. Dokotala amapanga chisankho chomaliza chifuwa chitatsegulidwa. Ngati zikupezeka, mwachitsanzo, kufalikira kwa kayendetsedwe kake, opaleshoniyo ingakulitsidwe.
2. Bilobectomy imachokera pa kuchotsedwa kwa pamwamba kapena pakati, kapena kumunsi ndi pakati kumbali pamodzi. Zagawo zomwe zatsala zidzasokonezedwa ku mediastinum. Nthaŵi yomweyo opaleshoniyi imachotsedwa.
3. Ndi pulmonectomy yowonjezera m'mapapo ndi mapiritsi am'kati mwapafupi akuchitika. Chitani ichi kokha ngati wodwalayo ali wathanzi.

Khansara ya bronchi - kufotokozera

Si chinsinsi kuti vutoli ladziwika kale, ndizowonjezereka kuti chidzakhalanso bwino. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa kuti alipo angati omwe ali ndi khansa ya bronchi, ndiye kuti muyenera kudziŵa kuti pakupeza chotupa pamayambiriro oyamba komanso chithandizo cham'tsogolo, zaka zisanu zapakati pa moyo wanu ndi 80%. Pamene matendawa ayambitsidwa, malinga ndi chiwerengero, pafupifupi 30% mwa odwala omwe akuchitidwa opaleshoni akupulumuka. Ngati munthu akukana mankhwala, mpaka zaka zisanu zokha, odwala 8 peresenti amakhalapo.