Sigmund Freud (bwino kutchula kuti "Freud") - katswiri wodziwika bwino wa ku Austria ndi wodwala matenda a maganizo amagwiritsa ntchito kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane umunthu wa munthu.
Chiphunzitso cha kupanda kanthu
Sigmund Freud ndi amene anayambitsa chiphunzitso ndi machitidwe a psychoanalysis, maziko a chiphunzitso ichi ndi lingaliro la chidziwitso. Maziko a lingaliro la umunthu , lopangidwa ndi Freud, limapereka chitsanzo cha mizere itatu. Malingana ndi dongosolo lonse, umunthu ndi mndandanda wa chidziwitso ("I"), Chisamaliro ("Ine") ndi Super-Consciousness ("Super-I"). Maganizo, malingaliro, zokhumba, zochita ndi zochita za munthu zimakhazikitsidwa ndi ntchito ya chikumbumtima chake, yomwe ndi dipatimenti yakale kwambiri komanso yamphamvu ya psyche, choncho imakhala yopanda nzeru komanso yosatha. Apa, ngati kuwala sikuwotche. Zikudziwika kuti magulu akuluakulu awiri oyendetsera galimoto ndi moyo wa munthu aliyense ndi Libido ("The Striving for Life") ndi Mortido ("The Striving for Death") - lingaliro la Mortido silinapangidwe ndi Freud mwini, koma analandiridwa ndi iye).
Pakati pa magawo atatu a umunthu (mwa kulankhula kwina, magawo kapena magawo a psyche) pangakhale ubale wosiyana, womwe ndi magwero a mavuto onse a m'maganizo a munthu.
Kodi mungathetse bwanji vuto la maganizo?
Kukonzekera ndi kutsegula pa mavutowa kungachititse munthu kuthetsa mavuto, zomwe zimakhala zoyenera kwa iye. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti munthuyo ali ndi mavuto aakulu a maganizo (omwe nthawi zina amatha kuonedwa ngati matenda). Kuchotsa anthu pa mavutowa ndikuchiza matenda a m'maganizo kumaperekedwa pochita ntchito yothandiza maganizo, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuunika, kuphatikizapo pokambirana nawo pogwiritsira ntchito njira yowyanjana ndi odwala popanda kuthandizidwa ndi kubwereranso ndi malo atsopano a zochitika za psychotrauma zomwe zakhudza kukula kwa umunthu ndi moyo waumunthu. Chifukwa cha zochitika zoterezi, munthu amene akudwala matenda a psychoanalysis amamasulidwa kuzinthu zopanda chidziwitso. Iye tsopano akhoza kuyamba moyo watsopano wopanda zopanda nzeru ndi zolakwika.
Pachiyambi ichi, maganizo a Freud akugwiritsidwa ntchito, kufotokozera maubwenzi onse a anthu (osati kugonana okha) ndi zilakolako ndi zikhumbo zosadziwika, zomwe zikhoza kufotokozedwa bwino ndi ziphunzitso zakale zachi Greek.
Tanthauzo la Chiphunzitso cha Freud
Pambuyo pake, mfundo za Freud zinatsatiridwa mozama ndi wophunzira wake wowala kwambiri CG Jung. Choonadi ichi chimadziwika kuti kulondola kwa chiwonetsero chotere mu psychoanalysis monga "Oedipus complex".
Zina mwa zina, Freud ali ndi magawo enieni a chitukuko cha umunthu (kuphatikizapo ubwana), kupezeka kwa njira zotetezera za psyche, kutulukira kwa chodabwitsa cha kusintha kwa maganizo ndi
Malingaliro ndi maganizo a maganizo a Sigmund Freud adakhudza kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo kwa maganizo, mankhwala, matenda a maganizo, komanso sayansi yambiri monga filosofi, chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe. Malingaliro ndi malingaliro a chikhalidwe cha umunthu, operekedwa ndi Freud, anali pa nthawi yawo yowonzanso ndi zatsopano. Anayambitsa chikhalidwe chachikulu cha sayansi ndi chikhalidwe, zomwe zinakhudza zolemba ndi luso. Panthawiyi, masukulu osiyanasiyana a Neo-Freudian amavomerezedwa m'maganizo ozama ndi othandizira, mizu ya mizu imatha kupita ku matenda a psychoanalysis.