Alissum - kubzala ndi kusamalira kuthengo, zoyamikira za kukula

Kuti azikongoletsa nyumba, zomera zodzikongoletsera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Olima wamaluwa amodzi adzakondwera kudziwa zomwe alissum, kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera ndi, ndi zina zosiyana zokhudza chikhalidwe chotsutsa, ngati sikungatheke kukhala ndi malo okongoletsera.

Alissum - Mitundu

Mitundu yambiri ya zomera zosatha ndi za pachaka zimadziwika. Munda wamundawu umadabwitsidwa ndi mitundu yochuluka, kotero inu mukhoza kukula maluwa a pinki, ofiira, oyera, ofiira ndi mithunzi ina. Pofuna kudziwa zomwe alissum ikuwoneka, ndiyenera kukhala ndi mfundo zambiri:

1. Maluwawo amafika kutalika kwa 10-40 masentimita. Iwo ali ndi nthenda ya adnate yamphamvu kwambiri. Mukasamala bwino, mungapeze chovala chobiriwira kapena chipewa cholimba cha ampel.
2. Masamba a alissum ndi yaitali komanso opapatiza, ndipo mtundu wawo ndi wobiriwira. Inflorescences ndi ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi zinayi zinayi. Zimapotoka ndipo zimakhala ndi fungo lokhazika mtima pansi, lomwe liri ndi zolemba za uchi.
3. Pambuyo pa kuphulika kwa maluwa, chipatso chimapangidwa mwa mtundu wa pod. Alyssum ili ndi mizu yolimba kwambiri, ngati mtolo.
4. Mu horticulture, maina ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito - mwala kapena borax.

Alyssum

Ambiri wamaluwa amagwiritsira ntchito mitundu ya pachaka, kotero mutha kusintha nthawi zonse zojambula. Mitundu yoyamba ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: "Bentama", compact, variegated ndi pansi. Odyetsa, powagwirizanitsa iwo, alandira mitundu yambiri ya hybrid yomwe imangowonjezeka kuchokera ku mbewu. Pofotokoza za alissum izo zikusonyezedwa kuti mbeu zapachaka ziyenera kufesedwa mu nthaka yowala pakatikati pa mwezi wa April.

Alyssum

Mitengo ya herbaceous, yomwe imatha kukula kwa zaka zambiri, imadabwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. N'zotheka kukula mitundu yochepetsetsa yomwe imatha kutalika kwa masentimita 8, ndi semishrubs, yomwe zimayambira kutalika kwa masentimita 80. Mitundu yayikulu yomwe ingamere palimodzi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya alissum: Gmelina, pyrineus, nyanja, zokwawa ndi miyala. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hybrid, ndi sukulu. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa momwe alissum imafalikira, ndiye kuti maluwawo ndi ang'ono ndipo alipo ambiri. Kubereka kungabweretsedwe ndi mbewu komanso vegetatively.

Alissum - akufika

Munda wamundawu ndi wodzichepetsa ndipo ukhoza kubzalidwa pazowonongeka za dzuwa. Malo osungunuka ndi oyenerera, koma pachimake sichidzakhala chowala kwambiri. Kufika kwa alissum ndi kusamalidwa kumbuyo kumatanthawuza kusankha malo owuma ndi okonzedwa bwino. Dothi lamadzi lamadzi ndi amchere siloyenera kulima. Pokula, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu, mbande ndi cuttings.

Mmene mungamere mbewu za alissum?

Kuyala zakuthupi kungathe kusonkhanitsidwa padera kapena kugulitsidwa m'sitolo. Njira yachiwiri ndi yopambana, chifukwa mbewu zaphunzitsidwa. Kuti mumvetse momwe mungabzalitsire chophimba, muyenera kulingalira zingapo zoyamikira:

1. Pangani malo pamene malo otseguka atenthedwa kale, choncho muyenera kuyembekezera mpaka May.
2. Ndi bwino kusamaliranso mbeu, zomwe zimapangidwira maola angapo muzowonjezera potassium permanganate. Chifukwa cha izi, mungadziteteze ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
3. Pofesa alissum, kubzala bwino ndi kusamalira kumbali kumatanthawuza kupanga grooves, osapitirira 1.5 masentimita. N'zotheka kufesa mowolowa manja, chifukwa anthu ochepa adzapeza mbewu zochepa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyana. Pomwe pali mphukira, zitha kuchepetsa minda.

Kodi chodzala mmera alissum?

Ambiri amalima amakonda kukula, pakuti iyi ndiyo njira yodalirika. Ngati mukufuna kudzala alissum pa mbande, ganizirani mfundo zingapo:

1. Ndikofunika kugula nthaka yowonjezera komanso yowonjezera, yomwe imayenera kukhala ndi laimu, kotero pH ikhale 5.5-6.2.
2. Mbewu imabzalidwa kwa mbande mu March-April. Tengani bokosilo, lembani ndi nthaka ndikuyala mbewu pamwamba. Musati muchite izi mochuluka, chifukwa izi zidzathetsa mwayi wa kumera. Pamwamba, mopepuka kuwaza ndi nthaka kusakaniza kapena kungomenyera chala pa mbewu.
3. Phimbani pamwamba ndi galasi kapena filimu kuti mupange chikhalidwe cha kutentha ndikuchiyika pamalo abwino. Kusungirako kumatanthauza kusunga kutentha mkati mwa 10-15 °. Kudzitetezera kuyenera kukhala koyenera ndipo musaiwale kuti nthawi zina ventilate mbewu. Ngati zinthu zonsezi zidzakwaniritsidwa, ndiye kuti kumera kudzachitika sabata imodzi, ngakhale kale.
4. Kusankhidwa kumachitika pamene masamba 2-3 akuwonekera. Ngati pangakhale kukula kofulumira, ndiye kuti njirayi siidzakhala yofunika konse ndipo nthawi yomweyo alissum imabzalidwa panja.

Ndi mtunda uti womwe alissum itabzalidwa?

Mbewu zimamera pamtunda wina ndi mzake zimakhala zovuta, chifukwa zimakhala zochepa, choncho pambuyo poonekera mbande, ndikofunika kuti muziwonda. Kufika kwa alissum pansi ndi tchire kuyenera kudutsa kuti mtunda wa pakati pawo usachepera 20-30 masentimita, malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana. Ngati kukwera ndiko kupeza zotsatira zamoyo, ndiye kuti mtunda wa pakati pa chitsamba ukhale wochepa. Miphika imalimbikitsidwa kukonzekera pasadakhale, ndipo iyenso iyenera kukhala ya rhizome yambiri ndi dothi ladothi. Musati mupite mozama kwambiri mu chomera.

Kufika kwa alissum poyera - mawu

Zonse zimadalira momwe chikhalidwe chimachulukira. Pofuna kukula, kubzala ndi kusamalira pamalo otseguka kumatanthauza kubzala mbande, pamene padzakhala kale awiri awiri a masamba akuluakulu. Nthaŵi yabwino imachokera kumapeto kwa May mpaka kumayambiriro kwa June. Ngati muli ndi chidwi, mukadzala chomera chomera pamtunda, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kuchita izi mu May, pamene dziko lapansi litentha. Pakatikati pa kubzala, mbewuyo idzaphuka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ndipo kuti muwone maluwa m'mwezi wa May, kufesa kumachitika m'dzinja mu November. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewu zidzakula mwamphamvu, ndipo mphukira zidzakhala zolimba kwambiri.

Mavuto a alissum

Munthu sangathe koma amasangalala chifukwa chomera ichi ndi wodzichepetsa ndipo akhoza kukula m'madera osiyanasiyana. Sichiopa mantha, dothi, malo owuma, dzuŵa komanso malo ena. Pofuna kupeza momwe mungakulitsire fungoli, muyenera kuzindikira kuti ngati mukufuna kusangalala ndi maonekedwe owala kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti muyenela kumvetsetsa ubwino wa nthaka m'deralo.

Ground kwa alissum

Musanafike, m'pofunika kukonzekera dothi.

1. Mukamera chomera chomera kumunda, muyenera choyamba kugwiritsa ntchito humus kapena kompositi . Njirayi iyenera kutsatiridwa mwezi umodzi musanafese.
2. Anakumana wamaluwa amalimbikitsa bwino ngalande katundu wa nthaka, amene anaika keramzit, mtsinje mchenga kapena ang'onoang'ono miyala.
3. Pambuyo pake, kukumba ndi kuchepetsa nthaka ndi rakes ndilovomerezeka. Kuti phokoso likhale bwino, chodzala chiyenera kuchitika mu nthaka yosakhala asidi, yomwe pH iyenera kukhala pamtunda wa 6-6.3.

Kodi iwo amatsinula alissum?

Ngati mbande imatambasula kwambiri, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti muzitha kuwombera mphukira yaikulu. Chotsani 1/3, ndipo nthawi zina 1/2 mbali ya tsinde, kusiya 3-4 mapaundi a masamba enieni ndi masamba axillary. Izi zimachitika ngati mbande zakula ndi kusowa kuwala kapena kutentha kwambiri. Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, mbewuyo idzayamba kuphulika ndipo idzakhazikitsa mphukira.

Alissum, kulima ndi kusamalira zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa malinga ndi malamulo, zimaphatikizapo kudulira ndipo ziyenera kuchitika nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha njirayi, kukula kudzawonjezeka, ndipo maluwa adzakhala obiriwira. Nkofunikira kuti mitundu yonse ya chikhalidwe ichi iswe mpaka 8 masentimita a mphukira. Chokhachokha ndi miyala yolimba. Pofuna kubwezeretsa katatu pambuyo pofafaniza inflorescence, mphukira zonse zimachepetsedwa ndi 1/3.

Alyssum - chisamaliro

Pali mfundo zambiri zomwe muyenera kuziganizira kuti musunge kukongola kwa maluwa awa.

1. Kupaka pamwamba. Pambuyo pa kutsika kwa masabata asanu, ndi bwino kuthirira tchire ndi njira yothetsera potaziyamu ndi feteleza. Pamene nthawi ya kukula ndi maluwa ikubwera, samalirani zakudya za nthaka. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito izi: mu 10 malita a madzi, sungunulani 1 tbsp. supuni ya urea ndi "Agricola-7". Mitundu ya pachaka imafunika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mobwerezabwereza ndipo nthawi ya chilimwe imayenera kukhala ndi feteleza zina zowonjezera zina, ndipo yoyamba ikuchitika musanayambe maluwa. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ovuta, 20 g pa 10 malita a madzi. Pofuna kuti maluwawo asamalire, akamabzala ndi kutuluka panja, amatanthawuza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kwa zowonjezera, koma pakadali pano 40 g amatengedwa 10 malita.
2. Kuthirira. Ngati dothi lachonde ndi lopatsa thanzi limasankhidwa kuti likhale ndi mitundu yosalekeza komanso nyengo ya chinyezi isanafike poyerekeza, ndiye kuti ulimi wothirira ukhoza kuthetsedwa. Chinthuchi ndi chakuti ndi zowonjezera zinyontho, mizu idzakhala yonyowa ndipo shrub idzafa. Mu chilala, pofuna kusunga chilengedwe cha alissum maluwa, chisamaliro chimaphatikizapo zina kuthirira. Mukamabzala pachaka mitundu mosasamala za nyengo, nkofunika kuti muzitha kusonkhanitsa dothi komanso mochuluka.

Kuti musapweteke alissum, kubzala ndi kusamalira pamalo oyenera ayenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi malamulo onse, pokhapokha popanda feteleza kapena kusungunula kwaukhondo, ndi kuthirira mopitirira muyeso, maonekedwe a matenda osiyanasiyana angayambe:

1. Vuto lofala kwambiri ndilo lochedwa kuchepa kapena kuvunda kofiirira. Vutoli limapezeka ngati zotsalira za ulimi wothirira sizitsatidwa ndipo nthaka imayamba kuvuta. Chotsatira chake, mizu yazirala, ndipo alissum imafota. Polimbana ndi vutoli, lizilitseni ndi fungicides, mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito "Ordan" kapena "Kuproksat." Kuyambira kuthirira kwa kanthawi muyenera kupewa.
2. Vuto lina la alissum ndi powdery mildew , lomwe limadziwonetsera pa masamba ndikupanga malaya oyera pa iwo. Zotsatira zake, zimakhala zakuda ndikufa. Vuto limabwera ngati kudulira kwa mphukira kunali kwakukulu kapena kuchuluka kwa feteleza feteleza kunawonjezeredwa pansi. Chifukwa chinanso - kutentha kwakukulu ndi koopsa kumasintha. Kulimbana ndi powdery mildew, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito Bordeaux madzi kapena fungicide, mwachitsanzo, "Fundazol".
3. Kuti zikhale bwino, alissum, kubzala ndi kusamalira pamalo otseguka zimatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo ku tizirombo. Maluwawo amatha kufa chifukwa cha utitiri wa cruciferous, kabichi njenjete kapena bryanka. Ndikofunika kuyamba mankhwala nthawi yomweyo, pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera.

Alissum mu mapangidwe a malo

Kutchuka kwa chikhalidwe cha m'mundawu ndi chifukwa chakuti zikuwoneka bwino kwambiri m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Alissum pa bedi pabedi lotseguka pansi pamodzi ndi ambiri annuals ndi perennials, komanso ampel ndi nthaka chivundikiro zomera. Kubzala mbewu zobiriwira kumalo otseguka kumachitika kumapiri a alpine , rockeries ndi mixborders . Wamtali sukulu akudulidwa ndipo akuphatikizidwa ndi maluwa, irises ndi tulips.