Ntchito yomanga nyumba zapadera ikukula mwakhama. Zojambula za nyumba zimapanga zokongoletsera, ndizo zizindikiro za nyumbayo. Kuphatikiza apo, amatumikira kuti azitentha, kutetezedwa ku mphepo yam'mlengalenga ndipo ayenera kuoneka ngati malo okhala ndi malo ozungulira.
Zojambula zosiyanasiyana za nyumba zapakhomo
Msika wamakono wamakono umapanga chisankho chachikulu cha kumaliza zipangizo ndi matekinoloje okongoletsera kunja kwa nyumba. Kutsirizitsa chigawo cha nyumba yaumwini chachitidwa mothandizidwa ndi:
- njerwa;
- zida;
- mwala;
- mtengo;
- kudalira.
Nkhaniyi ikhale ndi maonekedwe okongola, odalirika, oyenerera. Kawirikawiri, pamodzi ndi mapeto ake, makomawa amachotsedwa. Choponderezeka cha nyumbayi ndi njira yokongola komanso yapamwamba yokonzetsera kutentha kwa magawo a malo ndi kukongoletsa kwawo. Chifukwa cha zomangamanga, mapulasitiki a mabokosi ndi makoma oponderezedwa ali osungidwa. Mtundu uliwonse wazinthu uli ndi makhalidwe ake ndipo umapatsa nyumbayo mawonekedwe ena.
Chipinda choyambira cha nyumbayo
Iyi ndi imodzi mwa njira zakale zokongoletsera kunja kwa nyumbayo. Mapulogalamu amasiku ano amaganiza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito matope pamakoma kuti awapatse mawonekedwe okongola. Pachifukwa ichi, mchenga wa simenti, gypsum, mandimu, ndi zinyama zosiyanasiyana zowonjezera miyala, zowonjezera mchere, ndi zitsamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Plaster imakulolani kuti mupange makomawo mpumulo kapena wosalala, womwe ukhoza kukhala utoto.
Chiwombankhanga cha nyumba yamtundu wa " khungwe " kamene kali kowoneka, kowoneka ngati kachilombo kowopsa kwa nkhuni. Chifukwa cha zipilala za mabokosi, galasi yomwe ikuyang'aniridwa ndi ntchito imapanga zinthu zowonongeka pamtambo monga mvula, ana a nkhosa, mafunde, mizere yozungulira. Zomangamanga za makoma - ngodya, malo, zipilala zingaperekedwe ndi pulasitala wa mthunzi wina, kupanga mapangidwe ojambulapo kuti akongoletsedwe.
Nyumba yomanga njerwa
Ichi ndi zinthu zomwe zakhala zikudziwika kwa zaka zambiri. Kukumana ndi njerwa kumakhala ndi mitundu yambiri, maonekedwe, masewero ojambula. Lili ndi mawonekedwe a geometry kapena makona ozungulira, akhoza kuyerekezera mpumulo wa mwalawo, malo oyambirira omwe analipo, zakale zapachiyambi. Mtundu wotchuka wa mankhwalawa ndi woyera, wofiira, bulauni, mchenga. Zinthuzo ndizolimba komanso zothazikika, zimapangitsa kuti kutentha, "kupumira", kusatenthe, kumalekerera mokwanira chisanu ndi kutentha.
Kumaliza nyumbayi ndi njerwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zojambulajambula zosiyanasiyana, pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zooneka ngati zosiyana ndi zazing'ono, mawindo, khomo. Kuphatikiza zojambula zosiyana (kuchokera ku kuwala kupita ku mdima) ndi zojambula zojambula, mukhoza kujambula makoma okonzeka. Zowonongeka za nyumbayo zikuwonekera mochititsa chidwi, ngati maziko, ngodya, zotseguka zimayang'anizana ndi mwala, ndipo chachikulu pamwamba - ndi njerwa. Pankhaniyi, mungagwiritse ntchito zithunzi zabwino: zofiira ndi zofiira, imvi ndi zoyera.
Kukongoletsera facade wa nyumba ndi mtengo
Kutsirizitsa zomangamanga ndi zipangizo zamatabwa kumapereka kukongola kwachilengedwe, kumapangitsa kutentha ndi kutulutsa mawu. Cholinga cha nyumba yopangidwa ndi matabwa chimalengedwa mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana:
- Kuyala ndi njira yowonekera kwambiri komanso yodziwika bwino;
- kutsanzira - ali ndi mawonekedwe a gulu lokonzekera;
- nyumba yoletsa - imatsata zolembera;
- Kupangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa.
Poziteteza ku tizilombo ndi bowa, nkhuni imatengedwa ndi operewera. Chipinda cha nyumba kuchokera ku barchi chimaoneka chokongola komanso chokongola, zomwe zimatengera malo otsogolera m'nkhalango. Mtengo umapatsidwa mtundu uliwonse - wophimbidwa ndi varnish, utoto, womwe ukugogomezedwa ndi chilengedwe, kapena utoto. Zinthu zimatha kusambidwa pang'onopang'ono, kupanga mapulaneti ozungulira mpweya. Mothandizidwa ndi zokongoletsera zojambula, mapulusa, chimanga, pamwamba pazitsulo zimakongoletsedwa, zomwe zimabweretsa kapangidwe kake. Kukalamba kwa nkhuni kumatchuka, kuti apatse nyumba kukhala mawonekedwe enieni.
Kukongoletsa chipinda cha nyumbayo ndi mwala
Cholinga choterechi chidzagogomezera olemekezeka mu dongosolo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- granite;
- marble;
- chimbudzi;
- manda;
- shale.
Nkhaniyi ikhoza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe amodzimodzi kapena osagwirizana, mpumulo kapena zosalala. Mwachitsanzo, marble ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi maonekedwe ozama. Granite - yamphamvu ndipo imasiyana ndi zokopa zokongola, miyala yamwala imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake a zithunzithunzi ndi mpumulo, mthunzi umawoneka ngati zigawo zochepa ndi ndondomeko zopindika. Poganizira zokonzera nyumbayo ndi mwala wachilengedwe, mungagwiritse ntchito miyala yomanga ndi zomveka bwino za geometry kapena zosokoneza, zomwe zimakhala zosafunika. Mapeto a mtundu wachiwiri amapereka mawonekedwe a chilengedwe.
Kukumana ndi mapepala a facade kunyumba
Machitidwe akunja amathandiza kuthana ndi vuto la kutenthetsa ndi kukongoletsa makoma a nyumba mofulumira komanso mopanda malipiro. Magulu a mapepala kuti amalize mapepala a nyumba zapakhomo ndi awa:
- kuchokera ku chitsulo ndi polymeric chophimba;
- kuchokera ku matabwa a nkhuni;
- vinyl;
- makina;
- fiber yamenti;
- zida;
- ndi kutsanzira njerwa ndi miyala.
Mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zoterezi, chipinda cha nyumbayi chikhoza kuchitidwa mofulumira, onse ali ndi kutsekemera kwakukulu ndi zotetezera. Masentimita a kutentha kwa nyumbayo akuphatikizapo kutentha ndi kukwera kwa makoma. Zimapangidwa ndi styrofoam ndi kukongoletsa wosanjikiza wa clinker, ndi zosiyana mithunzi. Chipinda cha nyumbayo, chokongoletsedwa ndi mapepala a njerwa, amawoneka bwino, ngati ataphimbidwa ndi zakuthupi. Zili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, sizimatentha, zimapangitsa kuti zisinthe.
Kutsirizitsa kutsogolo kwa nyumba ndi kudutsa
Kuyang'anizana ndi makoma a nyumbayo ndi zitsulo zokongoletsa zidzasintha kusintha kwa nyumbayo, kuziika ndi kuwateteza ku mphepo yamkuntho. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi vinyl ndi kumbuyo kwadothi. Zida zoterezi pomaliza nyumba zapakhomo zimapangidwa ndi PVC, zimatha kutsanzira chophimba matabwa, njerwa, mwala. Nkhaniyi ili ndi mtundu wofiira kwambiri. Mothandizidwa, mazenera a nyumba amatha kupangidwira mawonekedwe a matabwa, nyumba yamwala, nyumba ya njerwa kapena nyumba yaying'ono yokhala ndi lath.
Mukamayika khungu, nkofunika kuphatikiza mithunzi mu mbiri, zipangizo, makina. Mwachitsanzo, khoma lowala ndi mawindo omwe amayanjanitsa ndi mawuwo akugwirizana bwino ndi denga lofiira, lobiriwira. Mdima wamdima wapansi wa nyumbayo pansi pa mwalawo ndi makoma a chigoba chokongoletsera cha beige kapena chophimba pansi pa njerwa chikuwoneka bwino. Zinthuzo ndizokhazikika, kusungunuka kwa chinyezi ndipo saopa kusintha kwa kutentha.
Chipinda cha galasi cha nyumbayo
Zojambula zamakono zamakono zimapereka njira zambiri zoyambirira zopangira mapangidwe. Maonekedwe okongola a nyumba zopangidwa ndi magalasi amachititsa nyumbayo kukhala yopanda phindu komanso yokongola. Pakupanga kwawo, amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zolimba, zowonjezereka, zolimba zomwe zimayima mphepo ndi zowona. Magalasi opangira magalasi amachitidwa pazithunzithunzi zachitsulo, amawoneka momveka bwino, amajambulidwa, amitundu. Zithunzi zoyendayenda za nyumba kunja zimakhala zochititsa chidwi, ndipo mkati mwa chipindachi mumakhala ndi malingaliro ooneka bwino. Zinthuzo ndi zosasokoneza, sizikuwongolera komanso zimatentha kwambiri.
Kupanga kwa facade kunyumba
Mbali yakunja ya nyumbayi imapanga chidwi choyamba cha iye. Kutsiliza kwa nyumbayi kumapangidwa malinga ndi kalembedwe ka nyumbayo, malingana ndi izo, zipangizo zofunikira zimasankhidwa ndikuphatikizidwa. Mwachitsanzo, nkhuni ndi miyala - pansi pa dziko, pulasitiki wowala kapena njerwa - pansi pa Provence, galasi - lapamwamba kwambiri. Kuyang'anitsitsa kuyenera kukhala okongola, kukana kutupa, kupirira chisanu, chinyezi, kumangirira nyumbayo. Kuwoneka kuti nyumbayo imapanga kumadalira kukongoletsa kwa makoma, zokhazikika, zojambula zosiyanasiyana - mawindo, zipilala, mabwalo, mabwalo ndi masitepe.
Mapangidwe a facade a limodzi-storey nyumba
Zojambulajambula zimapangidwira komanso zingapangidwe bwino zingakhale zochepa ngakhale pakati pa ena. Chipinda chokhala ndi galasi imodzi yokhala ndi chithandizidwe ndi njerwa chophatikiza ndi denga losiyana kapena lofanana ndilo limatchuka. Kuyang'anizana ndi chipinda cha nyumbayo ndi mtengo pansi pa denga lamtunda kapena chipika chozungulira chimakhala chosandutsa nyumba yamudzi. Nyumba yaing'ono yokongola ikhoza kukongoletsedwa ndi makoma opangidwa ndi miyala, ndi miyala yosiyana kapena njerwa kuti tisiyanitse mizere, mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi mawindo.
Zojambula za nyumba ziwiri zamanyumba
Kunja kwa kanyumba kumapangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Zochitika zamakono za zipangizo zachilengedwe ndi mizere yosalala, yapamwambayi imatsindika ndi miyala ndi njerwa. Chombo cha Baroque chimapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi stuko, kumangirira pazitali za makoma, minimalism ndipamwamba kwambiri kukopa anthu amakono ndi magalasi ndi zitsulo zochuluka. Zosankha zothetsa chiwonetsero cha nyumba yaumwini:
- Magulu a zikhodi. Amalola kutsanzira njerwa, mwala, mtengo, iyi ndiyo njira yokongoletsera komanso yamakono yokongoletsa makoma.
- Chomera chokongoletsera. Amapereka mwayi waukulu pakusankha mtundu wa malo, mpumulo wopatsa mphamvu, kulengedwa kwa zojambulajambula, zochititsa chidwi komanso kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana muzipangidwe zomangamanga za nyumba.
- Njerwa. Ndi chithandizo cha clinker, kanyumba kowoneka bwino kamapangidwa.
- Mtengo. Mapuritsi ndi nyumba ya nyumbayi amapereka chidziwitso chachilengedwe cha mawonekedwe.
Zozizwitsa za nyumba zomwe zili ndi nyumba yosanja
Kanyumba kamene kali ndi chipinda chapamwamba chotengera chapamwamba chimayang'ana zokongola. Mapangidwe a chipinda cha nyumba ya nyumba ndi nyumba yosungiramo nyumba akuwoneka okondweretsa ndi mawonekedwe osasintha a zenera. Chipinda chapamwamba chingathe kuwonjezeredwa ndi khonde ndi miyala yamwala kapena zojambula, maulendo owongolera. Kugawa nyumba yapamwamba ndi yoyenera kusewera ndi mitundu - kutsindika malo a ngodya, zitsulo, zigawo zina za zomangamanga mumthunzi wosiyana. Kusakanikirana kwa zipangizo kumapanga kupanga kokongola. Kuyang'ana nyumba kungatheke ndi kuthandizidwa ndi mwala, ndipo chipinda chapamwamba chimawonetsedwa ndi mapepala a matabwa. Kuphatikizana kumapeto kumatha miyala ndi pulasitala kapena njerwa.
Kutsogolo kwa nyumba ndi galasi
Cholinga cha galimotoyo chimamangidwa m'ndondomeko yoyamba, chili ndi gawo lokhazikapo pansi kapena pansi pa nthaka. Maseŵera a nyumba zapakhomo ndi galasi amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa zina zowonjezera, chimango cha chipata. Chipinda chino chikuyang'aniridwa ndi masonry, matabwa kapena mapulasitiki apansi, pulasitala. Zimakhala zosiyana ndi zojambula ndi zofanana kapena zodzaza mofanana ndi nyumba yonseyo, ndi zomangamanga zojambula - zimatseguka, kutsegulira zamakono kapena provence, galasi zipata pa khoma lonse la minimalism.
Zithunzi za nyumbazi zimapanga maonekedwe oyambirira a mawonekedwe, zimakonda zokonda ndi zokonda za eni. Chifukwa cha zipangizo zamakono zamakono, zikhoza kukhala nyumba yachifumu, nyumba yamakono yopangidwa ndi magalasi ndi chitsulo kapena nyumba yamatabwa yokongola. Kuphatikiza apo, chipinda chamkati chimatetezera icho kuchokera ku chilengedwe, chimachiika icho. Chifukwa cha zokongoletsera zapamwamba ndi zapamwamba, nyumbayo ili ndi chidwi, zest ndi chitetezo, zomwe zidzagawidwa pakati pa nyumba zina.