Njira yachilengedwe yoberekera ndi yovuta ndipo nthawi zina sichidziwika. Kawirikawiri pali zochitika zina kuti kusunga moyo wa mwana ndi mayi kukhale mwamsanga kuthetsa kubadwa. Pachifukwa ichi, dokotala wodziŵa za matenda opatsirana pogonana akuganiza mosapita m'mbali za kukhazikitsa ziphuphu zamagetsi.
Zovuta zoletsedwa - mbiri yambiri
Kwa nthawi yoyamba kukanika kwapadera kunayambitsidwa ndi P. Chamberlain, yemwe adasunga chida chake mobisa ndikugwiritsira ntchito phindu laumwini.
Anthu onse anali a forceps, omwe anapangidwa kachiwiri zaka 125 pambuyo pake ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni Palfin. Kuyambira mu nthawi iyi (1723), mabombawa anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuyamba bwino m'mayiko a ku Ulaya, kenako ku Russia ndi mayiko ena a Soviet Union.
Mpaka nthawi yomwe opaleshoni ya opaleshoniyo inalowa mkati mwazovuta, zovuta zogwiritsira ntchito ndi njira yokhayo yomwe moyo wa ana ndi amayi ambiri pakubereka umapulumutsidwa, kuphatikizapo.
Zovuta zoletsedwa - mitundu ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito
Pakalipano, palimodzi, pali mitundu yoposa 600 yokhala ndi zovuta zosiyana siyana zomwe zimasiyana ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito.
Malingana ndi malo a mutu wa fetal, forceps amagawidwa:
- Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimapangidwa pamutu, mbali yaikulu yomwe ili mu ndege ya kutuluka kwa pang'onopang'ono. Kuyika kwa mphamvu zovuta zowonjezereka sizikuchitika kawirikawiri, pakuti pamutu uwu wa mutu mungathe kupezeka ndi episiotomy.
- Nkhono zam'mimba zimathamanga ngati mutu uli pamtunda wa pang'onopang'ono.
- Mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri anali atapangidwirapo pamene mutu unali pakhomo la kachilombo kakang'ono. Kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zapamwamba ndi zoopsa komanso zovuta, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto aakulu obadwira, chifukwa chake akuletsedwa.
Monga lamulo, zojambula zamtundu zamakono zimakhala ndi zipilala ziwiri zofanana, loko ndi chogwirira.
Mwa mlingo wa kuyenda kwa thumba - chogwirizanitsa chinthu, obstetric forceps akhoza kugawidwa mu:
- Russian (nyumbayi ndizonyamula);
- Chijeremani (nyumbayi ndi pafupifupi yosayima);
- Chingerezi (zolimbitsa moyenda);
- French (yokhazikika).
M'dziko lathu, mphamvu yakugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ya Chingerezi ya Simpson m'kusinthika kwa chifuwa chachikulu cha Phenomenov, chomwecho chimatchedwa Simpson-Phenomenov. Chitsanzochi chimakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri - zipilala zolondola ndi zamanzere, zomwe zimakhala ndi makombero awiri (mutu ndi chitseko), chotsekeka chogwedezeka, chogwirira ntchito ndi zibambo za Bush chifukwa chokonza manja. Kulemera kwa forceps ndi magalamu 500, kutalika kuli pafupifupi masentimita 35. Mfundo zogwiritsa ntchito zida zazing'ono zimadalira zida za chipangizocho, makamaka makamaka ngati zogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zokakamiza zopanda pake - umboni ndi zotsatira
Zizindikiro zazikulu zogwiritsa ntchito forceps ndi izi:
- Matenda a mtima wamtima, impso, mtima wa mkazi sagwirizana ndi kulemedwa kwa ntchito;
- ntchito yofooka;
- fetal hypoxia ;
- kupweteka kwa mitsempha ya umbilical;
- Kuthamangitsidwa msanga kwa placenta ndi ena ambiri, podziwa dokotala.
Komanso pazinthuzi pali zinthu zotsatirazi:
- mwana wakhanda;
- kufotokoza kwathunthu;
- kugwirizana kwa mutu ndi pakhosi;
- kusowa chikhodzodzo cha fetus.
Kuwonjezera pa zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti ndondomeko yothetsera vutoli ndi yovuta kwambiri, ndipo si akatswiri onse omwe ali ndi lusoli mu ungwiro. Kuonjezerapo, mavuto amakwanitsa, onse a mayi ndi mwana. Zotere:
- chiwonongeko cha njira yobadwa, chiberekero cha chiberekero , ndipo nthawi zina chiberekero chokha;
- Kusokonezeka kwa mutu ndi chiberekero cha mwana wamwamuna;
- paresis wa mitsempha ya nkhope;
- hematoma;
- kutaya magazi mu ubongo ndi ena ambiri.