Shamanism - ichi ndi chani chachipembedzo?

Asanakhale ndi zipembedzo zambiri, chiwembu, kuphatikizapo miyambo yambiri ndi malamulo, chinali ponseponse. Mpaka tsopano, pali mafuko, ndipo ngakhale anthu, akuthamanga ndi shamans. Amakhulupirira kuti awa ndi osankhidwa omwe ali ndi mphamvu yolankhulana ndi Mphamvu Zapamwamba.

Kodi shamanism ndi chiyani?

Chipembedzo choyambirira, chozikidwa pa kulankhulana kwa munthu amene ali ndi mizimu muzochitika, amatchedwa shamanism. Iye ali ndi mgwirizano wapamtima ndi matsenga, zamatsenga, fetishism ndi totemism. Malingana ndi machitidwe ophunzitsidwa a shamanic ankadziwikiranso ngakhale pa Neolithic ndi Bronze Age. Pali mitundu yosiyana ndi yachipembedzo ya shamanism, mwachitsanzo, Korea, Yakut, Altai ndi zina zotero.

Shamanism ndi chipembedzo chaumulungu, kumene zochitika zosiyanasiyana za chirengedwe kaŵirikaŵiri zimawoneka ngati milungu, ndi zinthu zonse zoyandikana nazo zimapatsidwa moyo. Amatsenga amanena kuti munthu yekhayo amene amadziwika kuti ali padziko lapansi amapereka mpata wochotsa mantha ndi kumverera zopanda chilungamo. Iwo ali ndi kukhoza kupita ku maiko ena ndi kukambirana ndi mizimu yosiyana, kupeza mphamvu kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe.

Wonyansa amaonedwa kuti ndi wosankhidwa, ndipo akhoza kulandira mphatso yake kudzera mu "matenda a shamanic" - vuto lomwe limawoneka ngati loto lothargic. Chofunika kwambiri ndikumacheza ndi woyang'anira mzimu, yemwe ndi woteteza ku zolakwika. Chikhalidwe pamene wankhanza ali pachithunzi chimatchedwa kamlanie, ndipo chikuphatikizidwa ndi zida zovina, masewera ndi maseche. Mnyamatayo wamakono amachita ntchito zingapo: wansembe, wolosera zamatsenga, munthu wamankhwala, mlangizi, ndi ena.

Shamanism monga chipembedzo

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zina za shamanism zimapezeka pafupifupi zipembedzo zonse, sizingatchulidwe kuti ndi chipembedzo chosiyana. Zimaphatikizapo njira zosakanikirana ndi zothandizira zomwe zimakulolani kuyanjana ndi maiko ofanana. Chipembedzo, chiyanjano ndi matsenga ndizosiyana zosiyana, zomwe, mwa njira ina, zinaziphatikizana.

Zizindikiro za Shamanism

Monga tanenera kale, munthu amalandira mphamvu zamatsenga, ngati mizimu imamupatsa mphoto. Pali vesi limene shamanism ndi shamanism lingalandire. Pali zizindikiro zina zomwe mungasankhe kusankha kwanu.

1. Pa thupi lingakhale zolemba zachilendo, mwachitsanzo, zizindikiro za kubadwa, kapena zofooka zakuthupi zimaganiziridwa, kotero ku Siberia chizindikiro cha kukhalapo kwa mphamvu ndi chala chapadera pa manja kapena mapazi.
2. Ndikofunika kutsogoleredwa ndi zikhalidwe za munthu, kotero ambuye amtundu wokonda amadzikonda okhakha m'chilengedwe. Anthu oterewa atsekedwa.
3. Kukhalapo kwa mphamvu zauzimu mwa munthu, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu masomphenya a mtsogolo, mu maloto aulosi, mwayi wowona miyoyo ya akufa ndi zina zotero.
4. Chikhumbo chophunzira chiyanjano, ndipo chiyenera kukhala champhamvu ndipo sichiyenera. Pakuchitika zochitika zapadera, zolinga zimangowonjezera.

Shamanism ndi Orthodoxy

Anthu ambiri amasangalala ndi momwe mpingo umagwirizanirana ndi madera osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi malingaliro amatsenga. Malingana ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo, shamanism ndi Chikhristu ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana, chifukwa chirichonse chimene chimapangitsa munthu kukhulupirira mizimu, ziwanda ndi zina zina zapadera zimaletsedwa ndipo zimatengedwa kukhala chiwonetsero cha mdierekezi. Malangizo onse amatsenga ndi chotchinga kwa munthu kuti agwirizane ndi Ambuye.

Shamanism mu dziko lamakono

Posachedwapa, matsenga a azamanya anayamba chidwi ndi anthu ambiri omwe akufunitsitsa kukula mwauzimu ndipo akufuna kukhala ndi mphamvu yakuchiritsa. Nthaŵi imene anthu ankafuna kupeza osankhidwa adutsa, ndipo m'dziko lamakono iwo amayesa kuphunzira miyambo ya shamanic, kupititsa maphunziro ndi kuyambitsa. Ngati chidziwitso choyambirira chinaperekedwa kuchokera pakamwa, ndiye kuti kulemba zambiri kumapezeka kwa munthu wamba.

Shamanism ndi matsenga omwe amafunikira maphunziro ochuluka, ndipo mukhoza kuyamba powerenga mabuku apadera. Bukuli ndilo buku la M. Harner "Njira ya Shaman". Chidziwitso chophunzitsidwa, nkofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse muzochita, monga shamanism ikhoza kumvetsetsedwa kokha kupyolera muzochitikira. Tikulimbikitsanso kuti tipeze nthawi zambiri m'chilengedwe, tiphunzire zomwe zingatheke komanso kuphunzira kuphunzira malangizo ake.

Shamanism - zosangalatsa

M'madera osiyanasiyana a shamanism padziko lapansi ali ndi makhalidwe ake, omwe amadalira malo, malo ndi zizindikiro zina.

1. Ku Australia, ochita kafukufuku anapeza kokha malemba a shamanism, ndipo oimira awo amatchedwa Biraraarka.
2. Zosangalatsa: Amwenye a ku South America amatchedwa machi, ndipo adachiritsa anthu omwe amadwala chifukwa cha mizimu yoyipa. Pa mwambo, iwo nthawizonse ankatenga chinthu kuchokera ku thupi la wodwalayo.
3. Ku Bolivia, amwenye otchedwa bar ndipo adayanjana ndi mizimuyo, analosera maulosi ndipo anali ndi luso la ufiti.
4. Ku Korea, ndi akazi okha omwe ankachita nawo shamanism ndipo adatchedwa mu-dan. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mphamvu ndi chidziwitso zimafalitsidwa kokha ndi cholowa. Kuphatikiza pa luso lapadera la amwenye, iwo adziwa kupanga mapulumulo, kulingalira ndi kuwongolera.