Mawu akuti "mdima" (kapena masisitere obisika) amagwiritsidwa ntchito mmadera osiyanasiyana a sayansi: mu cosmology, astronomy, physics. Izi ndizo zongopeka - mawonekedwe a malo ndi nthawi zomwe zimagwirizana mwachangu ndi magetsi a magetsi ndipo sichidutsa palokha.
Nkhani yamdima - ndi chiyani?
Kuyambira nthawi yakale anthu ankakhudzidwa ndi chiyambi cha chilengedwe komanso njira zomwe zimapangidwira. M'nthawi ya teknoloji, zofukufuku zofunikira zinapangidwa, ndipo maziko owerengeka adakula kwambiri. Mu 1922, katswiri wa sayansi ya ku Britain dzina lake James Jeans ndi Dutch astronomer Jacobus Kaptein anapeza kuti zinthu zambiri zosaoneka sizingatheke. Ndiye kwa nthawi yoyamba nkhani yamdima idatchulidwa - ichi ndi chinthu chomwe sichikuwoneka mwa njira iliyonse yomwe anthu amaidziwa. Kukhalapo kwa chinthu chodabwitsa kumapereka zizindikiro zosalunjika - munda wokoka, mphamvu yokoka.
Nkhani yamdima mu zakuthambo ndi zakuthambo
Poganiza kuti zinthu zonse ndi mbali zonse m'chilengedwe zimakopeka wina ndi mnzake, akatswiri a zakuthambo amatha kupeza malo ambiri owonetsera. Koma panali kusiyana pakati pa kulemera kwenikweni ndi kunenedweratu. Ndipo asayansi anapeza kuti pali misala yosaoneka, yomwe imapanga 95% ya bungwe lonse losavomerezeka m'chilengedwe chonse. Nkhani yamdima mumlengalenga ili ndi zotsatirazi:
- ali pansi pa mphamvu yokoka;
- zimakhudza zinthu zina zapakati,
- Kufooka kumagwirizana ndi dziko lenileni.
Nkhani yamdima ndifilosofi
Malo osiyana amakhala ndi nkhani zakuda mufilosofi. Sayansi iyi ikugwira ntchito yophunzira dongosolo ladziko, maziko a kukhala, dongosolo la maiko ooneka ndi osawoneka. Chifukwa chachikulucho chinatengedwa chinthu china, chokhazikitsidwa ndi malo, nthawi, zozungulira. Pambuyo pake, mdima wodabwitsa wa chilengedwe unasintha kumvetsetsa kwa dziko lapansi, mawonekedwe ake ndi chisinthiko. Mu lingaliro lafilosofi, chinthu chosadziwika, monga chivundikiro cha mphamvu ya malo ndi nthawi, chiripo mwa aliyense wa ife, chotero anthu amafa, chifukwa amakhala ndi nthawi yomwe ili ndi mapeto.
Nchifukwa chiyani timafunikira chinthu chakuda?
Gawo laling'ono la zinthu zakuthambo (mapulaneti, nyenyezi, etc.) ndi chinthu chowonekera. Malingana ndi miyezo ya asayansi osiyanasiyana, mphamvu zamdima ndi mdima zimakhala pafupifupi malo onse mu Cosmos. Gawo la oyamba ndi 21-24%, mphamvu ndi 72%. Chilichonse cha thupi losaoneka bwino chili ndi ntchito zake:
- Mphamvu yakuda, yomwe siimatulutsa ndipo siimatulutsa kuwala, imatsutsa zinthu, ndikukakamiza kuti chilengedwe chiwonjezeke.
- Pogwiritsa ntchito misala yobisika, milalang'amba imamangidwa, mphamvu yake imakoka zinthu mlengalenga, amazisunga m'malo awo. Izi ndizomwe zimachepetsa kukula kwa chilengedwe chonse.
Kodi nkhani yamdima ndi yani?
Nkhani yamdima m'dongosolo la dzuŵa ndi chinachake chimene sichingakhoze kukhudza, kufufuzidwa ndikuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane. Chifukwa chake, zifukwa zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena za chikhalidwe chake ndi maonekedwe ake:
- Ma particles osadziwika kwa sayansi omwe amagwira nawo ntchito yowonongeka ndi mbali ya mankhwalawa. N'zosatheka kuziwona mu telescope.
- Chodabwitsachi ndigulu la timabowo tating'onoting'ono (osati lalikulu kuposa mwezi).
N'zotheka kusiyanitsa mitundu iŵiri ya misala yobisika, malingana ndi kukula kwake kwa particles, kuchulukitsitsa kwa momwe akudziwira.
- Kutentha. Sikokwanira kupanga magalasi.
- Cold. Zimaphatikizapo ndi pang'onopang'ono, zamkati. Zachigawozi zikhoza kudziwika ndi axions ndi mabwana.
Kodi pali nkhani yamdima?
Kuyesera konse kuyesa zinthu za thupi losadziŵika sizinapambane. Mu 2012, kayendetsedwe ka nyenyezi 400 kuzungulira Sun anafufuzidwa, koma kukhalapo kwa chinthu chobisika m'magazi akulu sikunatsimikizidwe. Ngakhale kuti nkhani yamdima siilipodi, zimachitika kuti zikhale zogwirizana. Ndi chithandizo chake akufotokozera kupeza kwa zinthu zakumwamba ndi malo awo. Asayansi ena amapeza umboni wakuti pali chinthu chobisika chozungulira. Kukhalapo kwake mu chilengedwe kumalongosola kuti magulu a milalang'amba samauluka palimodzi ndi kukhala pamodzi.
Nkhani yamdima - mfundo zochititsa chidwi
Chikhalidwe chabisikacho chimakhalabe chinsinsi, koma chikupitiriza chidwi ndi asayansi padziko lonse lapansi. Kuchita kafukufuku kawirikawiri, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe amayesa kufufuza zinthu zomwezo ndi zotsatira zake. Ndipo zenizeni za izo zikupitirira kuchuluka. Mwachitsanzo:
- Mkulu wa Hadron Collider, yemwe ndi wamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, amagwira ntchito pa mphamvu yowonjezera kuwululira kukhalapo kosaoneka ku Cosmos. Anthu ammudzi omwe ali ndi chidwi akuyembekezera zotsatira.
- Asayansi a ku Japan amapanga mapu oyambirira padziko lonse lapansi. Ikonzekera kuti izitha kumaliza mu 2019.
- Posachedwapa, katswiri wa sayansi ya sayansi Lisa Randall ananena kuti mdima ndi dinosaurs zimagwirizana. Zinthu zimenezi zinatumiza komiti ya padziko lapansi, imene inawononga moyo pa dziko lapansi.
Zachigawo za mlalang'amba wathu ndi chilengedwe chonse ndi zinthu zosavuta komanso zakuda, zomwe ndizooneka ndi zosawoneka. Ngati pulogalamu yamakono yoyamba yamakono ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, njirazi zimakhala zowonjezereka, ndiye ndizovuta kwambiri kufufuza zinthu zobisika. Anthu sanamvetsetse chodabwitsa ichi. Zosawoneka, zosawoneka, koma zosaoneka paliponse mdima ndizokhalabe zinsinsi zazikulu za chilengedwe.