Kawirikawiri m'makambirano a anthu mungamve "Chabwino ndi Fury!" Kapena "Tawonani, izi ndizokwiya kwenikweni!". Kuchokera pamutu wa zokambirana zikuwonekeratu kuti mwakutanthauzira kotere anthu amachitcha amayi oterewa, omwe amawopsya, amatha kupasula chilichonse pa njira zawo, kuphatikizapo zopinga zosiyanasiyana, ndipo ndibwino kuti asagwire pansi pa nthawi yotentha.
Furies - ndani uyu?
Mkazi wamkazi, wolemekezeka ndi chisokonezo chachikulu, mkwiyo wosatsutsika - ndi amene amakwiya kwambiri. Tsatanetsatane wa liwuli likuwonekeratu kuti likuchokera ku Latin Furiae, kutentha, zomwe zikutanthauza "kuthamanga, mkwiyo." Choncho, zikuwonekeratu kuti anthu amatanthawuza choipa mophiphiritsira, amawopsya muukali wawo ndi kubwezera akazi - pambuyo pake, anali zolengedwa zazimayi, osati azimuna, omwe adalonjeza chilango choopsa chifukwa cha machimo omwe anachita.
Mafanizo mu nthano
Zilombozi zinadza kwa ife kuchokera ku nthano zakale zachiroma, ndipo Aroma adalokera iwo ku Agiriki, omwe adatcha mkwiyo wa Erinium, ndipo kenako Eumenides. Ndipo, ngati mafano a Aroma - milungu yachikazi yobwezera, ndiye kumasulira kwenikweni kuchokera ku Greek kumapereka tanthauzo losiyana kwambiri - lolemekezeka, wachifundo. Kodi kusiyana kotereku kunayambira pati mukutchulidwa kwa lingaliro ili?
Zambiri mwa nthano zachiroma
Osauka, okonda magazi, osasunthika, osapumula zolengedwa zoopsa zomwe ziri ndi nkhope ya magazi, nthawi zonse kutsata munthu amene anachita chikhululukiro - ndi amene amakwiya ndi nthano zachiroma. Popeza Aroma adalanda dziko lonse la milungu yochokera ku Agiriki pafupifupi kwenikweni, makamaka osaloŵa muzinthu zosiyana siyana ndi mafotokozedwe, maulamulirowa anapatsidwa ntchito zomwezo ndi zizindikiro za anthu omwe Agiriki oyambirira adawagwiritsira ntchito. Pambuyo pake ananyansidwa ndi chikhulupiliro cha Mulungu cha Aroma, komanso anthu omwe timakhala nawo masiku ano, otchedwa akazi omwe amathawa kukwiya kwambiri.
Mafanizo mu nthano zachi Greek
Koma pakati pa Agiriki akale, Erinnia yawo yosasinthika inasinthika kupita ku eumenides, kuika khoti lachilungamo komanso mopanda tsankho. Malinga ndi nthano zachi Greek, amulungu a kubwezera anabadwira pa nthawi yoyamba yopembedza milungu - pamene Kronos, amene adasankha kulanda mphamvu, anapha bambo ake Uranus, kuchokera ku madontho a mwazi wa wotsirizira, ndipo eumenides adawonekera. Poyamba, Agiriki ankakhulupirira kuti panali ambiri mwa iwo - mpaka zikwi makumi atatu, koma Aeschylus m'masautso ake anabweretsa atatu okha - Tisiphon (osatopa ndi kubwezera), Alekto (yemwe sangathe kumukhululukira) ndi Meger (wonyansa).
Milunguzi, omwe nthawizonse amamva ludzu la kubwezera chifukwa cha kupha - izi ndizikuluzikulu ku Greece. Pallas Athena analimbikitsa Erinius kukhazikika kwamuyaya ku Greece, akuwatsimikizira kuti anthuwo adzawalemekeza, monga mulungu wina wolemekezeka kwambiri, ndi Erynia anasiya. Pambuyo pake iwo adatsutsa mwatsatanetsatane chiyeso chosamveka cha anthu okayikira pa ntchito zoopsa ndipo amatchedwa eumenides (olemekezeka, achifundo). Kawirikawiri Aeschylus amawadziŵitsa iwo ndi Moira, mulungu wamkazi wa tsoka.
Kodi mafuta amawoneka bwanji?
Amayi achikulire oopsya omwe ali ndi tsitsi ngati mawonekedwe a njoka, mano ochotsedwa ndi kutambasulidwa kwa ochimwa ndi manja ophwanyika - izi ndi zomwe zimawoneka ngati zolemba zakale za Chigriki, ndipo ndithu, kubwezera ndi ludzu la kupha sikungakhoze kuoneka okongola, mkazi wochitira nsanje sali wofatsa komanso wachikazi, kotero zifanizo izi zimatsitsimula, zimalimbikitsa mantha ndi zonyansa. Pamene akunena kuti wina amakhala ngati ukali, m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, anthu safuna kupereka zinthu zabwino izi.
Mkazi waukali ali, monga lamulo, munthu yemwe sadziwa momwe angakhalire ndi manja, akutsitsa maganizo ake onse oipa kwa iwo ozungulira, kuwononga zonse mwa njira yake mosasankha. Ndipotu, mukumvetsetsa kwathu, izi ndi zowopsya. Ndipo hysteria ndi matenda a maganizo, ndipo Agiriki akale ndi Aroma omwe ankadziwa za izo. Plato amatchedwa hysteria "chiwewe cha chiberekero." Zikuwoneka ngati akaziwa ndi osasangalatsa kwambiri, monga umboni wa mapiko akuti "mwadzidzidzi unakhala ukali", pamene mkazi wooneka ngati akunja wamtendere anadzudzula mtembo wake ku cargos.