Ng'ombe zam'nyumba zofanana - zomwe zimapezeka pazinthu, kuphatikiza ndi minuses zomwe zili

Mmodzi mwa akale kwambiri pa dziko lapansi Simmental ng'ombe zamtunduwu amapangidwa ku Switzerland m'chigwa cha Mtsinje wa Simma. Pochita kusankha, pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, ziweto zidakhala zowonjezera zowonjezera nyama ndi mkaka, zomwe zinagawanika ku Ulaya. Ku Russia, Simmentals anabweretsedwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.

Ng'ombe za mtundu wa Simmental - chikhalidwe

Zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zonse zimayambira pa makontinenti onse a dziko lapansi, monga momwe amalola alimi nthawi imodzi kukhala ndi mkaka wochuluka ndi nyama. Anthu a ku Burenki amadzichepetsa komanso amadya chakudya. Malongosoledwe a ng'ombe za Simmental ali ndi makhalidwe otere:

  1. Kusintha kwabwino - a burrs amamva bwino kwambiri.
  2. Ng'ombe izi zimayenera kudyetsa kumapiri ndi mapiri.
  3. Simmentals ali ndi miyendo yamphamvu ndi ziboda, osagwedezeka.
  4. Ng'ombe zimenezi ndi zopanda phokoso, zosakondera komanso zopanda nzeru. Pa nthawi ya kusowa kwa chakudya, amadya mwaufulu udzu, pokhalabe ndi zipatso ndi thanzi.
  5. Swiss Burenki amakhala ndi chikhalidwe chamtendere, amadziwika ndi machitidwe abwino kwambiri a amayi. Genera mwa iwo, monga lamulo, amapitilira popanda zovuta. Mtunduwu ndi kukula msinkhu, zaka zapadera calving ndi miyezi 31.

Zizindikiro za mtundu wa Simmental

Zizindikiro zochepa za mtundu wa Simmental:

  1. Mtundu wa ng'ombe ndi wotumbululuka, wotumbululuka, nthawi zina wofiira. Nyama zofiira zamtundu wambiri kapena zofiira-motley zimapezeka.
  2. Nyanga ili ndi thupi la minofu, fupa lamphamvu komanso lolemera. Ng'ombe ndi zazikulu, kukula kwazomera ndi masentimita 136-148, thupi liri lonse, kutalika kwa masentimita 160-165.
  3. Zofanana zimasiyana ndi mutu waukulu ndi mutu waukulu.
  4. Nkhono - beige, yopangidwa bwino, mphuno - mofatsa pinki.
  5. Mtunduwu ndi wolemekezeka chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zowopsya komanso zochepa, miyendo yolimba. Chifuwacho ndi chakuya (67-73 cm), chokwanira (44-48 masentimita), chovala chachikulu ndi chifuwa cha ng'ombe.
  6. Anthu okhwima amalemera makilogalamu 550-650, amuna - 900-1200 kg, amatha kukula kufikira zaka 4-5.

Mitundu ya ng'ombe zoweta zam'mimba

Ng'ombe za Simmental zamoyo zonse zimatanthawuza mtundu wa nyama ndi mkaka (kuphatikiza) mzere wa zokolola - umapereka mkaka ndi nyama zambiri. Pogwiritsira ntchito zofanana ndi zizindikiro, mitundu yambiri ya ziweto yakhala ikuphulika - wofiira Sadovskaya, Hungarian variegated, wofiira wa Chibulgaria, wofiira wa Slovak, monkeybirds ndi ndege.

Ng'ombe zowonongeka - zothandizira ndi zowononga

Alimi amakonda mtundu wa Simmental wa ng'ombe pakati pa zitsanzo zina za ziweto chifukwa cha ubwino wa ziwombankhanga:

  1. Kuswana kwa mtundu wa Simmental kumapindulitsa, kumapereka njira zofanana kwambiri za chuma - mkaka ndi nyama.
  2. Kusadziwika mu chakudya cha ng'ombe ndi akulu.
  3. Mkaka wamakono wa mkaka wodyetsa nyama zazing'ono, zomwe zimachepetsa mtengo wa chakudya cha ana.
  4. Kusinthasintha mosavuta ku chilengedwe chokhalamo.
  5. Chipatso chabwino kwambiri, chomwe chakhala chinsomba chabwino kwambiri cha ma genetiki poyenda ndi ng'ombe zina zamphongo.
  6. Kusasamala nyama, kudandaula kwawo ndi thanzi labwino.
  7. Kukhala ndi moyo kwa nthawi yayitali, munthuyo ali ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri, ngakhale ali ndi zaka 12-14.

Mwa zolephera zomwe nthawi zina zimadziwika:

  1. Kupaka kolakwika kwa miyendo - kumbuyo "diso la njovu", ndi kutsogolo - kutembenuzidwa kunja.
  2. Kukula kochepa kwa mbali yoyamba ya udder.
  3. Kumbuyo kwa khosi.
  4. Chifuwa chachikulu chinayamba.
  5. Nthaŵi zina, "mafuta" amatchulidwa.

Kukonzekera kwa mtundu wa Simmental

Mkaka wa mtundu uwu uli ndi kukoma kwabwino, umadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, okonzeka kupanga tchizi. Burenki ikhoza kudzitamandira bwino kwambiri. Ndi mitundu ingati ya Simmental yomwe imapereka mkaka: 3.5 - 5 matani pachaka, ndi zokoma - mpaka matani 6, zolemba ndi 12-14 matani. Mafuta - pafupifupi 4% (mpaka 6%). Kulima kwa nyama imodzi ndi zaka 15, zomwe zimatheka kuti mupeze mkaka wokwana matani 52 ndi mazira okonzeka.

Nyama zokhwima zimachulukitsa kulemera kwawo mofulumira komanso zofanana, ndi makilogalamu 1300 a ng'ombe zamphongo. Ng'ombe zilemera pakati pa makilogalamu 500 ndi 1000. Pa kuphedwa, mafuko olemerawa amapereka 56% ya nyama kulemera kwake, ndipo ng'ombe zambiri - mpaka 65%. Ng'ombe imasiyanitsa ndi khalidwe labwino kwambiri, ma calorium wambiri, ali ndi zofewa zofewa ndi mafuta oposa 12%.

Kusamba kwa ng'ombe zamphongo za Simmental

Simmentals akhala akudziwonetsera okha kuti ali ndi mtundu wambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amakula. Ng'ombe zimapangidwa zazikulu, 35-45 makilogalamu, kuwonjezera kulemera kwawo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yosachepera 4. Kukula kwachinyamata ndi kophweka - zinyama zimatha, sizikusowa kupanga malo odabwitsa a chitukuko ndi kuwonjezera chidwi.

Kuti apeze nyama, alimi akulangizidwa kuti adye mafuta a ng'ombe zamphongo za Simmental. Pamene ali mu khola akhoza kuwonjezera 1-1.1 makilogalamu patsiku. Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri kulemera kwa ng'ombe zamphongo ndi pafupifupi makilogalamu 400, mwana wang'ombe pachaka amalemera makilogalamu zana limodzi. Masabata 8 oyambirira a ng'ombe amadyetsedwa kokha ndi mkaka. Kuyambira pa miyezi 3-6, nyama ikufunikira mapuloteni ambiri, monga kubzala kumathandiza tirigu, udzu wambiri (mu udzu wobiriwira wobiriwira), ndiwo zamasamba. Pakutha miyezi 15-20 ya anyamatawo, amakula chifukwa cha kunenepa, ndipo ana a ng'ombe omwe amanidwawo amatumizidwa kukaphedwa.