M'magulu a sayansi mpaka lero amakangana za omwe ali mizinda yakale kwambiri ya Russia , ndipo ndi yani yomwe imayima pomwepo. Chipilala cha mpikisano chili pakati pa mizinda itatu ya Russian Federation: Derbent, Veliky Novgorod ndi Staraya Ladoga. Zindikirani izi si zophweka, chifukwa malemba onse ali ndi zifukwa zosatsutsika. M'midzi yakale kwambiri ya ku Russia anafukula mpaka lero kuti apeze umboni wa kubadwa kwa mzindawu. Old Ladoga ndi mzinda, zomwe mwaphunzira zomwe zinayamba posakhalitsa, choncho ndizoyambirira kwambiri kuti athetse tanthauzo la mzinda wakale ku Russia.
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Derbent
Ili kum'mwera kwa Dagestan ndipo ili mbali ya Russian Federation. Zolemba zoyambirira zolembedwa pamanja zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa kuti Derbent ndi mzinda wakale kwambiri ku Russia wolembedwa ndi Hecataeus Miletus, wotchuka kwambiri pa geographer wakale. Iwo akunena za kutha kwa zaka chikwi chachinai BC, pamene apa malo oyambirira anawonekera.
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Dzina lakuti "Derbent" linachokera ku mawu akuti "Darband", kutanthauza "zipata zazing'ono" kuchokera ku chinenero cha Persia. Ndipotu, mzindawu uli pamalo omwe amagwirizanitsa Nyanja ya Caspian ndi mapiri a Caucasus, kanyumba kakang'ono, komwe kanatchedwa "Dagestan corridor". Kalekale inali gawo lofunika kwambiri pa msewu waukulu wa Silk, umene sungakhale wotsimikizika kwambiri.
Pofuna kukhala ndi njira imeneyi ya malonda, nkhondo zamagazi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwake mzindawu wawonongedwa nthawi zambiri pansi, ndipo wabwereranso kachiwiri, nthawi zambiri. Koma ngakhale chiwonongeko chonse chimene Derbent adachipeza, zolemba zambiri za mbiri yakale ndi zomangamanga zakale zasungidwa.
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Pano pali malo osungirako zomangamanga, omwe ali mu malo otetezedwa. Mphindiyi imakhala ndi mpanda wotchuka wa Naryn-Kala, umene kwa zaka mazana ambiri umateteza mzindawo kuchoka kwa adani. Nkhonoyo imayendayenda makilomita makumi anai, ndipo ndicho chokhacho chokhacho chomwe chimakhalapo mpaka masiku athu.
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M'madera omwe muli malo pali malo ambiri omwe ali m'manda, omwe mungathe kuona miyala yamkati yomwe ilipo zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazo.
Old Town ndi nyumba zonse za mbiri yakale zimadziwika kuti Heritage World of UNESCO.
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Veliky Novgorod
Nzika za Novgorod ndi akatswiri ena a mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti ndi Novgorod Wamkulu yemwe ndi mzinda wakale kwambiri ku Russia. Ndipo bukhu ili liri ndi zifukwa zonse za izi, chifukwa iye anayamba nkhani yake mu 859. Apa, kuchokera ku Kievan Rus, a Russia anabweretsedwa ku Chikhristu, chomwe chinakhala chipembedzo cha boma. Apa m'zaka za zana la khumi mpingo wa matabwa wa Sophia Woyera wa nzeru ya Mulungu unamangidwa, umene unapangidwa ndi ndodo khumi ndi zitatu. Chodabwitsa ichi chodabwitsa chikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti chikhristu chisanayambe kupembedza mafano chinaperekedwa pomanga tchalitchi.
Novgorod inakhala pambuyo pa ichi chikhalidwe cha Chikhristu ku Russia ndi mpando wa atsogoleri a magulu onse.
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Kremlin yakale komanso yaikulu kwambiri ku Russia ili pomwepo. Poyerekeza ndi Derbent, Veliky Novgorod ali ndi nthawi yowoneka bwino komanso yowoneka, osati nthawi yokha yomwe nthawi ikuyambira. Ndipo ndithudi, mfundo yosatsutsika ndi yakuti Novgorod nthawi zonse inali Russian, mosiyana ndi Derbent, yomwe inalumikizidwa ku Russian Federation, ndipo ili ndi anthu pafupifupi 5% a ku Russia.
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Old Ladoga
Amenewa ndi osadziwika kwambiri ndi akatswiri a mbiriyakale ndi archaeologists mzindawo, komabe amanenanso kuti ndi wamkulu kwambiri ku Russia. Kwachidule ichi, olemba mbiri ambiri amayamba kutsogolo. Pali miyala yamanda yomwe tsikuli ndilo 921 chaka. Koma zoyankhulidwa koyamba zimapezeka m'mabuku a 862. Kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chinayi, pano padakhazikitsidwa chinyumba, kumene amalonda okhwima a Asilavo, ndi anthu a Scandinavia. Tsopano zofukula zazikulu zikuchitika kuti zitsimikizire kuti mzinda wakale kwambiri ku Russia ndi wotani.
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