Kodi munayamba mwalingalira momwe mungamere bowa m'dzikoli? Kumveka zosowa? Ndi choncho. Pakali pano mmodzi yekha akuchita izi. Komabe, bwanji osayesa ntchito yatsopano, palinso zambiri zomwe sizikufuna ndalama zambiri za jekeseni, palibe khama lalikulu. Pachifukwa ichi, mudzatha kukolola mbewu zosadabwitsa popanda mpikisano wa omwe akusankha bowa ndi maulendo ovuta ku nkhalango. Podziwa bwino mbali yatsopano ya ulimi, mungathe kugulitsa zokolola zanu.
Kodi mungabzala bwanji bowa m'dziko?
Pali njira zingapo zoyenera kubzala bowa m'dziko:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mycelium yotengedwa m'nkhalango. Pa kusonkhanitsa bowa m'nkhalango, mwawona kuti nkhungu zimakula makamaka pafupi ndi mitengo. Kumalo amenewa nthaka imangokhala ndi mycelium yawo. Zonse zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikutumiza chidutswa cha myceliumyi ku tsamba lanu. Pa dacha kuti mugawidwe kwa mycelium, muyenera kupanga zofanana ndi zomwe zimakhala kukula kwa bowa m'nkhalango, kuchokera kumene munawabweretsa. Mudzafunika gawo lapadera, gawo lomwe lingakhale udzu ndi udzu. Atayika mycelium pa malo osankhidwa a munda, ndikofunikira kuikamo ndi udzu ndikusamalira bwino. Mu masabata 2-3 mudzapeza zokolola zanu zoyamba.
- Pitani ku dacha la mtengo wa bowa wodwala (chokopa, chifuwa). Njira imeneyi ndi yachilendo. Sikufunikanso khama. Vuto lokhalo lingatheke ndikutumizitsa bowa wabwino, komanso owopsa. Izi ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala. Kumalo kumene mukukonzekera kukhazikitsa chitsa kapena chipika, muyenera kupanga zinthu zabwino kwambiri za bowa - kumeta, kutentha.
- Gwiritsani ntchito spores ku bowa zouma. Pazimenezi nkofunika kusonkhanitsa zipewa zakale za m'nkhalango, kuziumitsa, kuziphwanya ndi kuzibalalitsa pamalo awo. Kukhazikika nthawi zonse kwa nthaka posachedwapa kumapereka zotsatira zake - bowa idzayamba kuonekera mu dacha wanu.
Zida zopangira bowa
Bowa wa oyster, omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo chaka chonse, amakula ndi njira yopangira zambiri pazipangizo zapadera. Mukhoza kudziwa kuswana kwawo mu zikhalidwe za ngakhale nkhokwe yaing'ono kapena m'chipinda chapansi. Winawake amapanga bizinesi yochokera kunyumba, ndipo ena amangokhala ndi okwanira kuti adzipereke okha ndi okondedwa awo ali ndi bowa kuti azidya. Kodi mungamange bwanji bowa m'dzikolo?
Zokonzera kukula bowa zikuwoneka ngati izi:
- gawo lokhala ndi udzu, utuchi wa mitengo yosakhala coniferous, peels kuchokera ku mbewu, wosweka mu zinyalala ndi pasteurized m'madzi otentha;
- mapepala a polyethylene ali ndi mabowo 10-15 masentimita, momwe gawo lokonzedwera laikidwa;
- bowa mycelium, yomwe iyenera kuikidwa m'matumba pakati pa zigawo za gawo lapansi.
Ndi bowa uti omwe angabzalidwe m'dzikoli?
Pafupifupi nsomba iliyonse ya m'nkhalango ikhoza kukulirakulira pakhomo pawo. Bowa wambiri m'dzikomo ndi awa:
- chithupsa;
- fungasi yoyera;
- poderezozovik;
- mafuta;
- mutu wofiira.
Kodi kukula bowa bowa?
Mphepete akhoza kukula mthumba, mabokosi, pa kama. Kukolola kwakukulu kudzapangitsa kulima mu zinthu zopangira, kapena kuti matumba kapena mabokosi. Kuonjezerapo, kotero mukhoza kuthetsa bwino matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kungodzipatula zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka. Choncho, ku funso la momwe zingakhalire bwino bowa kunyumba, yankho ndilo kukhazikitsa zinthu zabwino m'nyumba.
Kukula bowa lachitsulo chosavuta kapena gawo la utuchi sichikwanira. Mudzafunika kompositi yabwino, yopangidwa ndi udzu wa perepremshuyu ndi mbewu za rye kapena tirigu. Ikhoza kugulidwa ku mabungwe azaulimi. Kwa izo, muyenera kuwonjezera manyowa a akavalo (mpaka 80 peresenti) kapena mullein. Nthano zoyenera mbalame, koma zokolola za bowa zidzakhala zochepa. Mu gawo ili, mycelium yaikidwa pamtunda wa 400-500 g pa mita imodzi.
Choncho, mungamange bwanji bowa m'dzikoli? Kuika mycelium m'matumba ndi gawo lapansi, muyenera kuyembekezera masiku atatu, kenaka pangani thumba 5-6 mu thumba lililonse ndikuchoka mu mdima kutentha kwa 18-20 ° C. Pakatha masabata 2-3 muzitsulo padzakhala bowa woyamba. Panthawi imeneyi, muyenera kutumiza matumba kuti chipinda chowotcha ndi mphindi zonse chikhale ndi kutentha kwa 20-27 ° C ndi kutentha kwapamwamba (70-95%). Mphukira idzakula mpaka kukula kwa masabata 3-4. Kusonkhanitsa zokolola zawo, muyenera kusamutsira matumba kubwalo lamdima, komwe angayambe kukula pakatha sabata.
Kukula kwa bowa zoyera m'dzikoli
Mfumu ya bowa ili bwino imakula pamalo okonzekera bwino. Kodi mungamange bwanji bowa mu dzikoli? Kuti muwathandize, mungagwiritse ntchito njira imodzi yomwe inanenedwa pamwambapa - kuikidwa kwa mycelium, kubzala kwa mycelium (kuphatikizapo kugula mycelium), kufalikira kwa spores. Nkhumba zabwino kwambiri za m'nkhalangozi zimakula pafupi ndi mitengo, pomwe mumayenera kuchotsa masentimita a nthaka kuti muwononge kompositi, mbeu, mycelium kapena mycelium ndikuziphimba ndi masamba. Malowa ndi mycelium ayenera kuthirira madzi nthawi ndi nthawi. M'nyengo yozizira, mycelium iyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi kompositi yomwe ili ndi filimu ngati kuli kofunikira.
Kodi mungakonde bwanji bowa wa oyster mu dziko?
Pofuna kuvala veshenok mufunika kuikapo, kutchulidwa pamwamba (gawo lapansi, mycelium ndi matumba). Funso lidali lotseguka: momwe mungamere bowa, malo abwino omwe angakonzekere, momwe angawasamalire, ndi zina zotero. Chipinda cha nkhuku chiyenera kutsekedwa, mdima, ndi kutentha kosatha kwa 22-25 ° C ndi chinyezi cha 95%. Pambuyo pa masiku 20-30 mutangoyamba kulima, kutentha kwa chipinda chiyenera kuchepetsedwa kufikira 12-18 ° C.
Kuthamanga ndi kusungunula ndizofunikira pakukula bowa wa oyster. Kuti muchite izi, mukhoza kuika chidebe cha madzi m'chipindamo ndikuikapo fanani. Kuunikira maola 12 pa tsiku kungaperekedwe ndi magetsi a fulorosenti. Mutatha kusonkhanitsa zokolola ziwiri za oyster kuchokera ku thumba limodzi, gawolo liyenera kusinthidwa. Zokolola zochokera ku 10 kg ya gawo lapansi ndi 3 makilogalamu a bowa. Kwa chaka, kusungidwa kwa gawo lapansi kumakhala maulendo 4 mpaka asanu. Zikuoneka kuti kuchokera pamtunda uliwonse wa bowa wanu "munda" mukhoza kusonkhanitsa pafupifupi 80-100 makilogalamu a bowa.
Kukula chanterelles m'dziko
Momwe mungamere chanterelles m'dziko - mumapempha. Kuti muchite izi, mukufunikira mycelium yomwe imamera mizu pafupi ndi mitengo ikukula. Kawirikawiri ndi thundu kapena beech. Kuyesera "kupanga anzanu" chanterelles ndi mitengo ya munda sikulephera. Ngati mulibe mtengo woyenera, muyenera kubzala. Ndi bwino kutenga nkhalango mtengo wamng'ono wokhala ndi mycelium yokonzekera mizu. Pamene kukumba mtengo, gwirani 15-20 masentimita a padziko lapansi ndi coniferous zinyalala. Bzalani mtengo wotere mu penumbra, mumupatse madzi okwanira nthawi zonse. Kuonjezera apo, sikofunika kuti manyowa awonongeke - zonse zofunikira zomwe zimapezeka mu bowa zimachokera ku mizu ya mtengo.
Kukula mafuta mumtunda
Ndizovuta kwambiri kubereketsa bowawa ndi njira yowagwiritsira ntchito bowa. Kawirikawiri zimakula pakati pa mapiritsi aang'ono - ili ndi malo a nkhalango yomwe mukuyenera kuyitengera ku dacha yanu. Momwe mungakwerere batala pa kanyumba: bowa awa ndifunikira kuti nthaka ikhale yochuluka mu mandimu. Kuunikira kwa malo osankhidwa chifukwa chodzala kumakhala koyenera, ndi dzuwa losawoneka. Nthawi yamvula, bedi la owaza ayenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka. Kukolola koyamba kudzawonekera zaka 3-4 pambuyo pake.
Tsegulani ku kanyumba
Ngati muli atsopano pa momwe mungabweretse bowa kudzikoli, yambani ndi mphukira yophweka. Kumtchire, amakula pamatumba komanso pamtunda. Mukungoyenera kutumiza chinachake kuchokera ku izi ku tsamba lanu. Njira ina ndi kufesa mycelium pa tsinde lachitsulo lomwe lili m'munda. Zokwanira, ngati ndi chitsa cha beech, aspen, poplar, msondodzi, thundu kapena phulusa. Malo a kulima kwawo ayenera kukhala amthunzi ndi onyowa. Chomera choyamba mutabzala mycelium chikhoza kuyembekezera pambuyo pa zaka 1-2.